spring在以前只是一个普普通通的容器框架,但是由于spring设计的很优秀,用户使用量很大,spring就全力开发周边其他插件框架,那现在的spring就是一个系列框架,有自己的mvc框架,有自己的持久框架,有自己的通信框架。。。包括自己的IDE, spring的核心框架是一个用于整合我们其他框架的框架,又叫容器框架,就是装其他框架的框架,spring核心框架是帮助我们整合持久化框架,mvc框架,数据库连接池等等周边框架的。
spring入门案例
maven依赖导入:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.xingxue</groupId>
<artifactId>Spring1.0.0</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<name>Spring1.0.0 Maven Webapp</name>
<!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
<url>http://www.example.com</url>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.11</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>4.3.8.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>4.3.8.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
<version>4.3.8.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>4.3.8.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
<version>4.3.8.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
<version>4.3.8.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
<version>4.3.8.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
<version>1.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>4.3.8.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>Spring1.0.0</finalName>
<pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven
defaults (may be moved to parent pom) -->
<plugins>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.0.0</version>
</plugin>
<!-- see http://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_war_packaging -->
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.0.2</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.7.0</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.20.1</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.2.0</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.5.2</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.8.2</version>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</pluginManagement>
</build>
</project>
spring核心组件主要功能就是帮助我们创建和管理对象与对象之间的依赖关系
spring.xml文件的配置:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="userDao2" class="com.xingxue.dao.UserDao"></bean>
</beans>
测试类:
package com.xingxue.test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import com.xingxue.dao.UserDao;
public class SpringTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
UserDao dao = new UserDao();
dao.showInfo();
//创建spring对象工厂
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring.xml");
//利用工厂获取对象
UserDao dao2 = context.getBean("userDao2", UserDao.class);
dao2.showInfo();
}
}
打印结果:
这是采用xml配置的方式来实现,在实际开发中,xml的配置很繁琐,很冗余,所以我们需要采用更简单的方式吧对象托管到spring容器,我们可以采用注解的方式来实现。
利用注解实现
注解语法规则: @关键字: 代码执行某一个功能
1:在xml文件启用注解:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:cache="http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache
http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache-4.0.xsd">
<!-- spring开启注解 @-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.xingxue.dao" >
</context:component-scan>
<bean id="userDao2" class="com.xingxue.dao.UserDao"></bean>
</beans>
配置package com.xingxue.dao;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component(“adminDao”)
public class AdminDao {
public void showInfo(){
System.out.println(“admin …show info….”);
}
}
注意@Compent表示将对象利用spring来创建
获取对象的方式:
AdminDao adminDao = (AdminDao) context.getBean("adminDao");
adminDao.showInfo();
基于此,我们发现,spring已经管理了我们的对象,
spring管理对象的关系
@Autowired //自动注入
package com.xingxue.action;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import com.xingxue.service.TypeService;
@Component("typeAction")
public class TypeAction {
@Autowired //自动注入
TypeService typeService;
public void deleteType() {
typeService.deleteType();
}
}
autowired:表示根据类型自动匹配对象进行赋值,注解的名字在自动注入这个地方,名字不重要!
这种我们spring通过autowired的方式给属性赋值的方式,我们叫依赖注入,还有一种叫法,控制反转。
也可以通过xml方式实现,但是不好用:
<bean id="action" class="com.xingxue.action.TypeAction">
<property name="typeService" ref="typeService111"></property>
<property name="name" value="zhangsan"></property>
<property name="age" value="1"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="typeService111" class="com.xingxue.service.TypeSerivce"></bean>
IOC和DI
IOC 就是控制反转, 所谓的控制反转就是在使用了spring之后,我们将原来创建对象,以及属性赋值的这个权利,交给spring来控制,
DI 就是指的依赖注入,所谓的依赖注入就是在我们spring中,对象与对象之间的依赖关系,是由spring进行赋值的,简单就是spring强制吧某个对象注入给了一个类的属性,我们这个依赖关系就依靠的spring容器自动完成。依赖注入是对控制反转一个补充。