Python资料之列表&元组

序列是Python中最基本的数据结构。序列中的每个元素都分配一个数字 - 它的位置，或索引，第一个索引是0，第二个索引是1，依此类推。

列表和元组都是序列的一种。

列表：
序号可以允许负数，允许有重复数据。

格式：
var = [x1,x2,x3…]

name=["a","b","c","d","e","f"]

列表的用法：
1、访问数据
a、访问单个数据，用index索引访问
var[index]

b、切片：取多个连续变量。从左往右，取到开头的数据取不到结尾的数据
var[beg_index：end_index]

>>> name=["a","b","c","d","e","f"]
>>> name[2:5]
['c', 'd', 'e']

取不到index为5的值f。

var[beg_index：] ：从beg_index到最后一个
var[：end_index] ：从第一个到end_index-1
var[：]：取所有

2、新增数据
a、append()方法
追加到末尾

>>> name=["a","b","c","d","e","f"]
>>> name.append("g")
>>> name
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g']

b、insert() 方法
插入到列表中的某个位置之前
格式：insert(index，data)

>>> name=["a","b","c","d","e"]
>>> name.insert(1,"g")
>>> name
['a', 'g', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e']

3、修改数据
直接对列表内数据赋值

>>> name=["a","b","c","d","e"]
>>> name[0]="f"
>>> name
['f', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e']

4、删除数据
a、remove()方法

>>> name=["a","b","c","d","e"]
>>> name.remove("a")
>>> name
['b', 'c', 'd', 'e']

b、del list[index]

>>> name=["a","b","c","d","e"]
>>> del name[0]
>>> name
['b', 'c', 'd', 'e']

c、pop()方法
返回被删除的值。不输入参数，默认删除最后一个。

>>> name=["a","b","c","d","e"]
>>> name.pop()
'e'
>>> name
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

>>> name=["a","b","c","d","e"]
>>> name.pop(1)
'b'
>>> name
['a', 'c', 'd', 'e']

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列表的其他用法：
1、index()：查找对应数据的下标

>>> name=["a","b","c","d","e"]
>>> name.index("c")
2

2、count()：统计列表中某个数据的个数

>>> name=["a","b","c","d","e"]
>>> name.count("a")
1

3、clear()：清空列表

>>> name=["a","b","c","d","e"]
>>> name.clear()
>>> name
[]

4、reverse()：列表反转

>>> name=["a","b","c","d","e"]
>>> name.reverse()
>>> name
['e', 'd', 'c', 'b', 'a']

5、sort()：列表排序

>>> name=["e","b","d","c","a"]
>>> name.sort()
>>> name
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e']

6、extend()：合并列表

>>> name1=["a","b","c","d","e"]
>>> name2=["f","g"]
>>> name1.extend(name2)
>>> name1
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g']

7、copy()：浅复制，只复制第一层，如果里面还有列表（只是复制了内存地址）。有共同属性时可以使用。

>>> name1=["a","b","c","d","e"]
>>> name=name1.copy()
>>> name
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e']

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列表的循环：

name = ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e"]
for i in name:
    pass

使用列表的分片功能：

name = ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e"]
for i in name[0:3:1]:
    pass

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元组tuple：
不可改变的列表，即只读列表
格式：
var=(data1,data2,data3…)

>>> name=("a","b","c","d","e")
>>> name
('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')