C++默认构造函数的构造操作

1 成员对象带默认构造函数

1.1 行为

外部对象包含成员对象时，没有显式调用成员对象构造函数时，编译器会自动添加调用；

1.2 示例代码

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
class A
{
public:	
	A() { cout << "call A()" << endl; }
	A(int value) { cout << "call A(value)" << endl; }
};
class B
{
private:
	A a;
	int value;
	string name;
public:
	B() {
		name = "aloha";
	}
	void show() 
	{
		cout << "B value=" << value << ",name=" << name <<endl; 
	};
};

int main()
{ 
	B b;
	b.show();
}

1.3 输出

call A()
B value=-858993460,name=aloha

备注：
若注释代码中的A的默认构造函数，编译将不通过，

需要在在B的构造函数中通过初始化列表方式显式调用A的非默认构造函数

	B():a(0) { 
		name = "aloha";
	}

2 父类型带默认构造函数

2.1 行为

子类型的构造函数中，自动会调用父类型的构造函数。

2.2 示例代码1

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
class A
{
public:	
	A() { cout << "call A()" << endl; }
	A(int value) { cout << "call A(value)" << endl; }
}; 

class AA:public A
{ 
	int value;
	string name;
public:
	AA()  { 
		value = 0;
		name = "aloha";
	}
	void show()
	{
		cout << "AA value=" << value << ",name=" << name << endl;
	};

};

int main()
{ 
	AA aa;
	aa.show();
}

2.3 输出1

call A()
AA value=0,name=aloha

2.4 示例代码2

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
class A
{
public:	
	A() { cout << "call A()" << endl; }
	A(int value) { cout << "call A(value)" << endl; }
}; 

class AA:public A
{ 
	int value;
	string name;
public:
	AA()  
	{ 
		value = 0;
		name = "aloha";
	}
	AA(int value)
	{
		this->value = value;
		name = "aloha";
	}
	void show()
	{
		cout << "AA value=" << value << ",name=" << name << endl;
	};

};

int main()
{ 
	AA aa(5);
	aa.show();
}

2.5 输出2

call A()
AA value=5,name=aloha

3 两者兼有的情况

3.1 行为

先调用父类的默认构造方法，再调用成员对象的默认构造方法

3.2 示例代码

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
class A
{
public:	
	A() { cout << "call A()" << endl; }
	A(int value) { cout << "call A(value)" << endl; }
}; 
class B
{
public:
	B() { cout << "call B()" << endl; }
	B(int value) { cout << "call B(value)" << endl; }

};
class AAB:public A
{ 
	int value;
	string name;
	B b;
public:
	AAB()
	{ 
		value = 0;
		name = "aloha";
	}
	AAB(int value) 
	{
		cout << "AAB start" << endl;
		this->value = value;
		name = "aloha";
		cout << "AAB end" << endl;
	}
	void show()
	{
		cout << "AAB value=" << value << ",name=" << name << endl;
	};

};

int main()
{ 
	AAB aab(5);
	aab.show();
}

3.3 输出

call A()
call B()
AAB start
AAB end
AAB value=5,name=aloha

4 参考资料

《深入探索C++对象模型》，美 Stanley B.Lippman 著，侯捷 译，电子工业出版社，2012年；