Flask源码阅读（八）——请求钩子

1.为了避免在每个视图函数中都使用重复的代码，Flask提供了注册通用函数的功能，注册的函数可在请求被分发到视图函数之前或之后调用。

请求钩子使用修饰器实现。Flask支持以下4种钩子：

• before_first_request：顾名思义，注册一个在处理第一个请求之前运行的函数。
• before_request：注册一个在处理请求之前运行的函数。
• after_request：注册一个函数，如果没有未处理的异常抛出，在每次请求之后运行。
• teardown_request：注册一个函数，即使有未处理的异常抛出，也在每次请求之后运行。

在请求钩子函数和视图函数之间共享数据一般使用上下文全局变量g。

2.源码

def before_request(self, f):
        """Registers a function to run before each request."""
        self.before_request_funcs.append(f)
        return f

    def after_request(self, f):
        """Register a function to be run after each request."""
        self.after_request_funcs.append(f)
        return f

可以看到，两个函数都声明了基本功能，分别用到了self.before_request_funcs.append()和self.before_request_funcs.append()两种属性。So，继续深入。

        #: a list of functions that should be called at the beginning
        #: of the request before request dispatching kicks in.  This
        #: can for example be used to open database connections or
        #: getting hold of the currently logged in user.
        #: To register a function here, use the :meth:`before_request`
        #: decorator.
        self.before_request_funcs = []

#: a list of functions that are called at the end of the
        #: request.  Tha function is passed the current response
        #: object and modify it in place or replace it.
        #: To register a function here use the :meth:`after_request`
        #: decorator.
        self.after_request_funcs = []

看来，两者都是list（列表），同样使用append()添加注册函数。

    def preprocess_request(self):
        """Called before the actual request dispatching and will
        call every as :meth:`before_request` decorated function.
        If any of these function returns a value it's handled as
        if it was the return value from the view and further
        request handling is stopped.
        """
        for func in self.before_request_funcs:
            rv = func()
            if rv is not None:
                return rv

在实际request前调用，会调用每个before_request装饰器函数。如果这些函数返回一个值，这个值像视图函数返回的值，那么上一个request处理就被停止。
遍历self.before_request_funcs列表，rv赋值为func()，如果rv存在，返回rv。

 def process_response(self, response):
        """Can be overridden in order to modify the response object
        before it's sent to the WSGI server.  By default this will
        call all the :meth:`after_request` decorated functions.

        :param response: a :attr:`response_class` object.
        :return: a new response object or the same, has to be an
                 instance of :attr:`response_class`.
        """
        session = _request_ctx_stack.top.session
        if session is not None:
            self.save_session(session, response)
        for handler in self.after_request_funcs:
            response = handler(response)
        return response

在被发送到WSGI服务之前，可以为了更改resounse_class类而覆盖。这种行为默认情况下将调用after_request装饰器函数。