邮件发送原理

邮件发送原理

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一、邮件发送需要的jar包？

mail(主包)
activation(依赖包)

# 原理图 ## 邮件发送原理

文本发送原理

附件发送原理

二、图片、文本、附件一起发送

import com.sun.mail.util.MailSSLSocketFactory;

import javax.activation.DataHandler;
import javax.activation.FileDataSource;
import javax.mail.*;
import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeBodyPart;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMultipart;
import java.security.GeneralSecurityException;
import java.util.Properties;

//发送一封邮件
public class demo {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws GeneralSecurityException, MessagingException {
        Properties properties=new Properties();
        properties.setProperty("mail.host","smtp.qq.com");//设置qq邮箱服务器
        properties.setProperty("mail.transport.protocol","smtp");//邮件发送协议
        properties.setProperty("mail.smtp.auth","true");//需要验证用户密码

        //关于qq邮箱，还要设置SSL加密，加上以下代码即可
        MailSSLSocketFactory sslSocketFactory=new MailSSLSocketFactory();
        sslSocketFactory.setTrustAllHosts(true);
        properties.put("mail.smtp.ssl.enable","true");
        properties.put("mail.smtp.ssl.socketFactory",sslSocketFactory);



        //使用javaMail发送邮件的五个步骤
        //1.创建定义整个应用程序所需的环境信息的session对象
            //只有qq才有的过程,其他邮箱没有
        Session session=Session.getDefaultInstance(properties, new Authenticator() {
            @Override
            protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() {
                //发送邮件用户名，授权码
                return new PasswordAuthentication("你die","eqryfrbmvgvrfaeh");
            }
        });
        //开启session的debug模式，这样就可以查看程序发送的email的运行状态
        session.setDebug(true);

        //2.通过session对象得到transport
        Transport transport=session.getTransport();


        //3.使用邮箱的用户名和授权码连上邮箱服务器
        transport.connect("smtp.qq.com","2020637917@qq.com","eqryfrbmvgvrfaeh");

        //4.创建邮件
        //需要传递session
        MimeMessage message=new MimeMessage(session);

        //指明邮件的发件人
        message.setFrom(new InternetAddress("2020637917@qq.com"));

        //指明邮件的收件人,
        message.setRecipients(Message.RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress[]{new InternetAddress("收件人邮箱")});
        //邮件的标题
        message.setSubject("欢迎");
        //================================================================
        //准备图片数据
        MimeBodyPart image=new MimeBodyPart();
        //图片需要经过数据处理    datahandler :数据处理
        DataHandler dh=new DataHandler(new FileDataSource("图片地址"));
        image.setDataHandler(dh);
        image.setContentID("lye.jpg");//给图片设置一个id

        //准备正文数据   cid：
        MimeBodyPart text=new MimeBodyPart();
        text.setContent("贺江傻逼，<img src='cid:lye.jpg'","text/html;charset=UTF-8");


        //=================================准备附件数据
        MimeBodyPart body1= new MimeBodyPart();
        body1.setDataHandler(new DataHandler(new FileDataSource("附件地址")));
        body1.setFileName("db.txt");



        //描述数据关系
        MimeMultipart mm=new MimeMultipart();
        mm.addBodyPart(text);
        mm.addBodyPart(image);

        //设置到信息中,保存修改
        MimeMultipart Mimesum=new MimeMultipart();
        Mimesum.addBodyPart(body1);
        Mimesum.addBodyPart(text);
        Mimesum.addBodyPart(image);
        Mimesum.setSubType("mixed");
        message.setContent(Mimesum);
        message.saveChanges();//保存修改


        //================================================================
        //邮件的内容
//        message.setContent("hello,。","text/html;charset=UTF-8");
        //5.发送邮件
        transport.sendMessage(message,message.getAllRecipients());

        //6.关闭连接

        transport.close();
        System.out.println("发送成功......");
    }
}

三、操作步骤（qq有所不同）

1.创建定义整个应用程序所需要的环境信息的session对象
2.通过session得到transport对象
3.使用邮箱的用户名和授权码连上邮件服务器
4.创建邮件：写文件
5.发送邮件

实例操作，基于qq服务器

smtp.qq.com

QQ特有：

        //关于qq邮箱，还要设置SSL加密，加上以下代码即可
        MailSSLSocketFactory sslSocketFactory=new MailSSLSocketFactory();
        sslSocketFactory.setTrustAllHosts(true);
        properties.put("mail.smtp.ssl.enable","true");
        properties.put("mail.smtp.ssl.socketFactory",sslSocketFactory);

web.xml配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="https://jakarta.ee/xml/ns/jakartaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="https://jakarta.ee/xml/ns/jakartaee https://jakarta.ee/xml/ns/jakartaee/web-app_5_0.xsd"
         version="5.0">
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>RegisterServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.xiang.servlet.RegisterServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>RegisterServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/RegisterServlet.do</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

工具类：Sendmail

import com.sun.mail.util.MailSSLSocketFactory;
import com.xiang.pojo.User;

import javax.mail.*;
import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
import java.util.Properties;
//网站三秒原则：用户体验
//多线程实现用户登录：异步处理

public class Sendmail extends Thread{


    private String from="2020637917@qq.com";

    private String host="smtp.qq.com";

    private User user;

    public Sendmail(User user){
        this.user=user;
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        try {
            Properties prop=new Properties();
            prop.setProperty("mail.host",host);///设置QQ邮件服务器
            prop.setProperty("mail.transport.protocol","smtp");///邮件发送协议
            prop.setProperty("mail.smtp.auth","true");//需要验证用户密码
            //QQ邮箱需要设置SSL加密
            MailSSLSocketFactory sf=new MailSSLSocketFactory();
            sf.setTrustAllHosts(true);
            prop.put("mail.smtp.ssl.enable","true");
            prop.put("mail.smtp.ssl.socketFactory",sf);

            //使用javaMail发送邮件的5个步骤
            //1.创建定义整个应用程序所需要的环境信息的session对象
            Session session= Session.getDefaultInstance(prop, new Authenticator() {
                @Override
                protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() {
                    return new PasswordAuthentication(from,"eqryfrbmvgvrfaeh");
                }
            });
            //开启session的debug模式，这样可以查看到程序发送Email的运行状态
            session.setDebug(true);
            //2.通过session得到transport对象
            Transport ts=session.getTransport();
            //3.使用邮箱的用户名和授权码连上邮件服务器
            ts.connect(host,from,"eqryfrbmvgvrfaeh");
            //4.创建邮件：写文件
            //注意需要传递session
            MimeMessage message=new MimeMessage(session);
            //指明邮件的发件人
            message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(from));
            //指明邮件的收件人
            message.setRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO,new InternetAddress(user.getEmail()));
            //邮件标题
            message.setSubject("注册通知");
            //邮件的文本内容
            message.setContent("恭喜你("+user.getUsername()+")成功注册！"+"密码："+user.getPassword()
                    ,"text/html;charset=UTF-8");
            //5.发送邮件
            ts.sendMessage(message,message.getAllRecipients());

            //6.关闭连接
            ts.close();
        }catch (Exception e){
            System.out.println(e);
        }

    }
}

Servlet代码块

import com.xiang.pojo.User;
import com.xiang.util.Sendmail;

import java.io.IOException;

//脚手架
public class RegisterServlet extends javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest request, javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse response) throws javax.servlet.ServletException, IOException {

        //接收用户请求，封装成对象
        String username=request.getParameter("username");
        String password=request.getParameter("pwd");
        String email=request.getParameter("email");

        User user =new User(username,password,email);
        //用户注册成功后，给用户发送文件
        //我们使用线程专门发送邮件，防止出现耗时，和网站注册人数过多的情况
        Sendmail send=new Sendmail(user);
        //启动线程,执行run方法
        send.start();
        //注册用户
        request.setAttribute("message","注册成功，我们已经发送一封带注册信息的电子邮件到你的邮箱");
        request.getRequestDispatcher("info.jsp").forward(request,response);

    }

    protected void doGet(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest request, javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse response) throws javax.servlet.ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(request,response);
    }
}

实体类User

import java.io.Serializable;

public class User implements Serializable {
    private String username;
    private String password;
    private String email;

    public User() {
    }

    public User(String username, String password, String email) {
        this.username = username;
        this.password = password;
        this.email = email;
    }

    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

    public String getEmail() {
        return email;
    }

    public void setEmail(String email) {
        this.email = email;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "username='" + username + '\'' +
                ", password='" + password + '\'' +
                ", email='" + email + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}