小白flag8 py的十个小技巧

py的十个小技巧

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（一）变量交换

a=1
b=2

tmp=a
a=b
b=tmp
print(a)
print(b)
#改为
a,b=b,a

（二）字符串格式化

name = 'xiaowang'
country = 'China'
age = 19  # 需要转类型

print("Hi,I'm" + name + ". I'm from" + country + ". And I'm " + str(age) + ".")
# 改为
print("Hi,I'm %s. I'm from %s. And I'm %i." % (name, country, age))  # 注意%()
# 当然可以使用format函数
print("Hi,I'm {}. I'm from {}. And I'm {}.".format(name, country, age))  # 可以通过索引改同一个
# py3.6以上可以使用f-string
print(f"Hi,I'm {name}. I'm from {country}. And I'm {age+1}.")  # 最简洁

（三）Yield 语法

def fibonacci(n):  # 斐波那契数列函数
    a = 0
    b = 1
    nums = []
    for _ in range(n):
        nums.append(a)
        a, b = b, a + b
    return nums

def fibonacci1(m):
    a = 0
    b = 1
    for _ in range(m):
        yield a
        a, b = b, a + b
for i in fibonacci(10):
    print(i)
print('-------------------------------')
for i in fibonacci1(10):
    print(i)

（四）列表解析式

fruit=["apple","pear","pineapple","orange","banana"] # 改大写

for i in range(len(fruit)):	
    fruit[i]=fruit[i].upper()
# 改为
fruit=[x.upper()for x in fruit]
print(fruit)
# 挑选
a_fruit=list()
for f in fruit:
    if f.startswith("A"):
        a_fruit.append(f)
#改为
a_fruit=[x for x in fruit if x.startswith("A")]

（五）enumerate函数

fruit = ["apple", "pear", "pineapple", "orange", "banana"]
for x in fruit:
    print(x)  # 如果想去获取索引值
for i,x in enumerate(fruit):
    print(i,x)

（六）遍历

A.反向遍历

fruit = ["apple", "pear", "pineapple", "orange", "banana"]
for i,x in enumerate(reversed(fruit)):
    print(i,x)

B.顺序遍历

fruit = ["apple", "pear", "pineapple", "orange", "banana"]
for i,x in enumerate(sorted(fruit)):# sorted排序函数
    print(i,x)

（七）字典合并操作

a = {"xiaowang": "123456", "xiaoming": "abc123"}
b = {"keai": "666666", "xiaozhao": "321321"}
c={}
for k in a:
    c[k]=a[k]
for k in b:
    c[k]=b[k]
# 改为
c={**a,**b}

（八）三元运算

s="pass" if  score >60 else "fail"

（九）序列的解包

name = "Zhan San"

str_list = name.split()
first_name = str_list[0]
last_name = str_list[1]
# 改为
first_name, last_name = name.split()

（十）with语句

f=open("xx.txt","r")
s=f.read()
f.close()
#改为
with open("xx.txt","r") as f  # 代替f.close
	s=f.read()