1、linux 共享内存实现相关函数:
ftok函数
ftok原型
头文件
#include <
sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
函数原型:
key_t ftok( const char * fname, int id )
fname就是你指定的文件名(已经存在的文件名),一般使用
当前目录,如:
key_t key;
key = ftok(".", 1); 这样就是将fname设为
当前目录。
id是子序号。
在一般的UNIX实现中,是将文件的
索引节点号取出,前面加上子序号得到key_t的返回值。
如指定文件的
索引节点号为65538,换算成16进制为0x010002,而你指定的ID值为38,换算成16进制为0x26,则最后的key_t返回值为0x26010002。
查询文件
索引节点号的方法是: ls -i
#define IPCKEY 0x111
char path[256];
sprintf( path, "%s/etc/
config.ini", (char*)getenv("HOME") );
msgid=ftok( path, IPCKEY );[/code]
同一段程序,用于保证两个不同用户下的两组相同程序获得互不干扰的IPC键值。
由于etc/
config.ini(假定)为应用系统的关键配置文件,因此不存在被轻易
删除的问题——即使被删,也会很快被发现并重建(此时应用系统也将被重启)。
ftok()的设计目的也在于此。
2、linux 共享内存 一般实现方法:
1. 获取键值key值
#
include
<
sys
/
types.h
>
# include < sys / ipc.h >
key_t ftok( const char * pathname, int proj_id);
# include < sys / ipc.h >
key_t ftok( const char * pathname, int proj_id);
2. 获取共享内存id
#
include
<
sys
/
ipc.h
>
# include < sys / shm.h >
int shmget(key_t key, size_t size, int shmflg); /*IPC_CREAT|0777*/
# include < sys / shm.h >
int shmget(key_t key, size_t size, int shmflg); /*IPC_CREAT|0777*/
3. 将共享内存空间(shared memory)映射到 当前进程的地址空间(process space address )
#
include
<
sys
/
types.h
>
# include < sys / shm.h >
void * shmat( int shmid, const void * shmaddr /*NULL系统自动分配空间*/ , int shmflg /*0*/ );
# include < sys / shm.h >
void * shmat( int shmid, const void * shmaddr /*NULL系统自动分配空间*/ , int shmflg /*0*/ );
4. 解除共享内存与进程地址空间的映射关系。
int
shmdt(
const
void
*
shmaddr);
5. 释放共享内存空间(获取共享内存状态)
#
include
<
sys
/
ipc.h
>
# include < sys / shm.h >
int shmctl( int shmid, int cmd, struct shmid_ds * buf);
# include < sys / shm.h >
int shmctl( int shmid, int cmd, struct shmid_ds * buf);
2、共享内存读写数据例程 :写内存数据
#
include
<
sys
/
types.h
>
# include < sys / ipc.h >
# include < sys / shm.h >
# include < stdio.h >
# include < stdlib.h >
# include < string.h >
//get key_id
//get mem_id
//mapp memory
//write data
int main( void )
{
//get key id
key_t key_id = ftok( "/" , 110 ); //此路径名,与id在以前共享内存相关程序的内存空间未被释放是,
# include < sys / ipc.h >
# include < sys / shm.h >
# include < stdio.h >
# include < stdlib.h >
# include < string.h >
//get key_id
//get mem_id
//mapp memory
//write data
int main( void )
{
//get key id
key_t key_id = ftok( "/" , 110 ); //此路径名,与id在以前共享内存相关程序的内存空间未被释放是,
//
不能与以含共享内存的程序 中 所定义的路径以及 id相同,否则
//将产生内存冲突,因此进程结束前必须释放共享内存的空间,及解除映射关系
if
(key_id
<
0
)
{
perror( "get key id error !\n" );
exit( - 1 );
}
//get memory id
int mem_id = shmget(key_id,getpagesize(),IPC_CREAT | 0777 );
if (mem_id == - 1 )
{
perror( "get mem id error !" );
exit( - 1 );
}
//mmap memory to the process address space
char * p = NULL;
p = shmat(mem_id,NULL, 0 ); //第二个参数为NULL时,系统自动分配内存空间
if (p == NULL)
{
printf( "mmap memory fail !\n" );
exit( - 1 );
}
//write data in the share memory
char buffer[ 100 ];
int i = 0 ;
while ( 1 )
{
sprintf(buffer, "The %d times !\n" ,i ++ );
strcpy(p,buffer); //write data in memory
sleep( 1 );
bzero(buffer, sizeof (buffer)); //clear buffer
}
return 0 ;
}
{
perror( "get key id error !\n" );
exit( - 1 );
}
//get memory id
int mem_id = shmget(key_id,getpagesize(),IPC_CREAT | 0777 );
if (mem_id == - 1 )
{
perror( "get mem id error !" );
exit( - 1 );
}
//mmap memory to the process address space
char * p = NULL;
p = shmat(mem_id,NULL, 0 ); //第二个参数为NULL时,系统自动分配内存空间
if (p == NULL)
{
printf( "mmap memory fail !\n" );
exit( - 1 );
}
//write data in the share memory
char buffer[ 100 ];
int i = 0 ;
while ( 1 )
{
sprintf(buffer, "The %d times !\n" ,i ++ );
strcpy(p,buffer); //write data in memory
sleep( 1 );
bzero(buffer, sizeof (buffer)); //clear buffer
}
return 0 ;
}
2、共享内存读写数据例程 :读内存数据
#
include
<
sys
/
types.h
>
# include < sys / ipc.h >
# include < sys / shm.h >
# include < stdio.h >
# include < stdlib.h >
# include < string.h >
//get key_id
//get mem_id
//mapp memory
//read data
int main( void )
{
//get key id
key_t key_id = ftok( "/" , 110 );
if (key_id < 0 )
{
perror( "get key id error !\n" );
exit( - 1 );
}
//get memory id
int mem_id = shmget(key_id, 4096 ,IPC_CREAT);
if (mem_id == - 1 )
{
perror( "get mem id error !\n" );
exit( - 1 );
}
//mmap memory to the process address space
char * p = shmat(mem_id,NULL, 0 );
if (p == NULL)
{
printf( "mmap memory fail !\n" );
exit( - 1 );
}
//read data in the share memory
char buffer[ 100 ];
int i = 0 ;
while ( 1 )
{
// sprintf(buffer,"The %d times !\n",i++);
strcpy(buffer,p);
printf( "%s\n" ,buffer);
sleep( 1 );
bzero(buffer, sizeof (buffer));
}
return 0 ;
}
# include < sys / ipc.h >
# include < sys / shm.h >
# include < stdio.h >
# include < stdlib.h >
# include < string.h >
//get key_id
//get mem_id
//mapp memory
//read data
int main( void )
{
//get key id
key_t key_id = ftok( "/" , 110 );
if (key_id < 0 )
{
perror( "get key id error !\n" );
exit( - 1 );
}
//get memory id
int mem_id = shmget(key_id, 4096 ,IPC_CREAT);
if (mem_id == - 1 )
{
perror( "get mem id error !\n" );
exit( - 1 );
}
//mmap memory to the process address space
char * p = shmat(mem_id,NULL, 0 );
if (p == NULL)
{
printf( "mmap memory fail !\n" );
exit( - 1 );
}
//read data in the share memory
char buffer[ 100 ];
int i = 0 ;
while ( 1 )
{
// sprintf(buffer,"The %d times !\n",i++);
strcpy(buffer,p);
printf( "%s\n" ,buffer);
sleep( 1 );
bzero(buffer, sizeof (buffer));
}
return 0 ;
}