9、常用模块

一、OS模块

1.获取当前所在路径

os.getcwd（）

[root@node4 etc]# cat test.py 
import os
url = os.getcwd()
print(url)

结果如下：
[root@node4 etc]# python3 test.py 
/usr/local/etc

2.切换路径

os.chdir()

[root@node4 etc]# cat test.py
import os
url = os.getcwd()
print(url)

os.chdir('../')
url = os.getcwd()
print(url)

结果如下：
[root@node4 etc]# python3 test.py 
/usr/local/etc
/usr/local

os,path模块

1.os.path.join

作用：路径拼接

from os import path
a = "usr"
b = "local"
c = "nginx"
res = path.join(a,b,c)
print(res)

2.os.path.dirname

截取路径中文件所在的路径

from os import path
file = __file__
res = path.dirname(file)
print(file)
print(res)

3.os.path.basename

截取路径中文件的名称

from os import path
file = __file__
res = path.basename(file)
print(file)
print(res)

4.os.path.exists

测试文件或者目录是否存在

from os import path

file = path.basename(__file__)
print(path.exists(file))

5.os.path.isfile

测试是否为文件

from os import path

file = path.basename(__file__)
print(path.isfile(file))

6.os.path.isdir

测试是否为目录

7.os.path.split

切割路径和文件名

from os import path
print(path.split(__file__))

二、sys模块

sys是系统相关的模块

sys.path

寻找系统导入模块的时候所寻找的路径

>>> import sys
>>> sys.path
['', '/usr/lib64/python36.zip', '/usr/lib64/python3.6', '/usr/lib64/python3.6/lib-dynload', '/usr/local/lib64/python3.6/site-packages',
 '/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages', '/usr/lib64/python3.6/site-packages', '/usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages']

三、random

1.randomint.randint

生成指定范围内的整数，包含开头和结尾得整数

>>> print(random.randint(1,10))
4
>>> print(random.randint(1,10))
10
>>> print(random.randint(1,10))
8
>>> print(random.randint(1,10))
3

2.random.choice

在可迭代对象中随机抽取一个数据

3.random.sample

在可迭代对象中随机抽取多个数据

[root@node5 data]# cat test.py 
#!/usr/bin/python3

import random

list = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]

print(random.choice(list))
print(random.sample(list,3))

[root@node5 data]# ./test.py 
3
[5, 2, 1]
[root@node5 data]# ./test.py 
7
[3, 4, 2]
[root@node5 data]# ./test.py 
6
[10, 7, 6]
[root@node5 data]# ./test.py 
4
[7, 3, 1]
[root@node5 data]# ./test.py 
8
[1, 6, 10]

四、datetime

1.打印当前时间

>>> import datetime as dt
>>> print(dt.datetime.now())
2021-04-14 23:17:01.612571

2.创建一个日期

>>> print(dt.date(2021,1,1))
2021-01-01

3.创建一个时间

>>> print(dt.time(18))
18:00:00
>>> print(dt.time(18,20,22))
18:20:22

五、time模块

1.time.time

从1970-1-1到现在得秒数

>>> print(time.time())
1618414013.7248337

2.time.strftime

按照指定得格式输出时间

>>> print(time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d"))
2021-04-14
>>> print(time.strftime("%H"))
23
>>> print(time.strftime("%H:%M:%S"))
23:30:52

六、UUID

生成全局唯一ID

UUID1

>>> import uuid
>>> print(uuid.uuid1())
fce8157c-9df3-11eb-b3fb-000c297bd39e
>>> print(uuid.uuid1())
fea94822-9df3-11eb-b3fb-000c297bd39e

UUID4 常用

>>> print(uuid.uuid4())
ec9d6ca0-cb4b-450e-ace2-be842f0aa00f
>>> print(uuid.uuid4())