Spring事务配置的五种方式

Spring事务配置的五种方式

    前段时间对Spring的事务配置做了比较深入的研究，在此之间对Spring的事务配置虽说也配置过，但是一直没有一个清楚的认识。通过这次的学习发觉Spring的事务配置只要把思路理清，还是比较好掌握的。

    总结如下：

    Spring配置文件中关于事务配置总是由三个组成部分，分别是DataSource、TransactionManager和代理机制这三部分，无论哪种配置方式，一般变化的只是代理机制这部分。

    DataSource、TransactionManager这两部分只是会根据数据访问方式有所变化，比如使用Hibernate进行数据访问时，DataSource实际为SessionFactory，TransactionManager的实现为HibernateTransactionManager。

    具体如下图：

 

    根据代理机制的不同，总结了五种Spring事务的配置方式，配置文件如下：

    第一种方式：每个Bean都有一个代理

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beansxmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">

   <beanid="sessionFactory" 
             class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> 
        <propertyname="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> 
        <propertyname="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
   </bean> 

    <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务）--> 
    <beanid="transactionManager"
        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
       <propertyname="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
   </bean>
   
    <!-- 配置DAO-->
   <beanid="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
       <propertyname="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
   </bean>
   
    <beanid="userDao" 
         class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"> 
           <!-- 配置事务管理器--> 
           <propertyname="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />    
        <propertyname="target" ref="userDaoTarget" /> 
         <propertyname="proxyInterfaces" value="com.bluesky.spring.dao.GeneratorDao" />
       <!-- 配置事务属性--> 
        <propertyname="transactionAttributes"> 
            <props> 
                <propkey="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
           </props> 
        </property> 
    </bean> 
</beans>

    第二种方式：所有Bean共享一个代理基类

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beansxmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">

   <beanid="sessionFactory" 
             class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> 
        <propertyname="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> 
        <propertyname="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
   </bean> 

    <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务）--> 
    <beanid="transactionManager"
        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
       <propertyname="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
   </bean>
   
    <beanid="transactionBase" 
             class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean" 
             lazy-init="true" abstract="true"> 
        <!-- 配置事务管理器--> 
        <propertyname="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" /> 
        <!-- 配置事务属性--> 
        <propertyname="transactionAttributes"> 
            <props> 
                <propkey="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop> 
            </props> 
        </property> 
    </bean>   
   
    <!-- 配置DAO-->
   <beanid="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
       <propertyname="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
   </bean>
   
    <beanid="userDao" parent="transactionBase" > 
        <propertyname="target" ref="userDaoTarget" />  
    </bean>
</beans>

第三种方式：使用拦截器

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beansxmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">

   <beanid="sessionFactory" 
             class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> 
        <propertyname="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> 
        <propertyname="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
   </bean> 

    <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务）--> 
    <beanid="transactionManager"
        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
       <propertyname="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
   </bean> 
  
    <beanid="transactionInterceptor" 
         class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor"> 
        <propertyname="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" /> 
        <!-- 配置事务属性--> 
        <propertyname="transactionAttributes"> 
            <props> 
                <propkey="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop> 
            </props> 
        </property> 
    </bean>
     
    <beanclass="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator"> 
        <propertyname="beanNames"> 
            <list> 
                <value>*Dao</value>
           </list> 
        </property> 
        <propertyname="interceptorNames"> 
            <list> 
                <value>transactionInterceptor</value> 
            </list> 
        </property> 
    </bean> 
  
    <!-- 配置DAO-->
   <beanid="userDao" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
       <propertyname="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
   </bean>
</beans>

第四种方式：使用tx标签配置的拦截器

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beansxmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">

   <context:annotation-config/>
   <context:component-scanbase-package="com.bluesky" />

   <beanid="sessionFactory" 
             class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> 
        <propertyname="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> 
        <propertyname="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
   </bean> 

    <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务）--> 
    <beanid="transactionManager"
        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
       <propertyname="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
   </bean>

   <tx:adviceid="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
       <tx:attributes>
           <tx:methodname="*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
       </tx:attributes>
   </tx:advice>
   
    <aop:config>
       <aop:pointcutid="interceptorPointCuts"
            expression="execution(* com.bluesky.spring.dao.*.*(..))" />
       <aop:advisoradvice-ref="txAdvice"
            pointcut-ref="interceptorPointCuts" />       
    </aop:config>     
</beans>

第五种方式：全注解

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beansxmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">

   <context:annotation-config/>
   <context:component-scanbase-package="com.bluesky" />

   <tx:annotation-driventransaction-manager="transactionManager"/>

   <beanid="sessionFactory" 
             class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> 
        <propertyname="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> 
        <propertyname="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
   </bean> 

    <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务）--> 
    <beanid="transactionManager"
        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
       <propertyname="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
   </bean>
   
</beans>

此时在DAO上需加上@Transactional注解，如下：

package com.bluesky.spring.dao;

import java.util.List;

import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import com.bluesky.spring.domain.User;

@Transactional
@Component("userDao")
public class UserDaoImplextends HibernateDaoSupportimplements UserDao {

   public List<User> listUsers() {
       return this.getSession().createQuery("from User").list();
    }
   
     
}