python-抽象和自定义类

• 抽象方法

class Person():

    def say(self):
        pass


class Student(Person):

    def say(self):
        print("i am student")

• 抽象类： 包含抽象方法的类
  • 抽象类可以包含非抽象方法
  • 抽象类可以有方法和属性
  • 抽象类不能进行实例化
  • 必须继承才能使用，且继承的子类必须实现所有抽象方法

import abc


class Person(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):

    @abc.abstractmethod
    def say(self):
        pass


class Student(Person):

    def say(self):
        print("i am student")


s = Student()
s.say()

•  补充：函数名和当做变量使用

class Student():
    pass


def say(self):
    print("i am say")


s = Student()
s.say=say
s.say(9)

• 组装类

from types import MethodType

class Student():
    pass


def say(self):
    print("i am say")


s = Student()
s.say=MethodType(say,Student)
s.say()

• 元类

  # 类名一般为MetaClass结尾
  class StudentMetaClass(type):
      def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
          print("元类")
          return type.__new__(cls, *args, **kwargs)
  
  
  class Teacher(object, metaclass=StudentMetaClass):
      pass
  
  
  t = Teacher()
  print(t.__dict__)