Nginx 性能、压测

最新推荐文章于 2025-04-04 01:48:51 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2025-04-04 01:48:51 发布

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分类专栏：网络文章标签： java elasticsearch 搜索引擎

原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_32415063/article/details/105888045

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一、概述

	每秒请求数
Nginx 服务器性能	50000 – 60000 次/秒
优化	100000 次/秒

二、优化

2.1 配置 CPU

6核心配置

worker_processes 6;
worker_cpu_affinity 0001 0010 0100 1000 1001 10010;

8核心配置

worker_processes 8;
worker_cpu_affinity 00000001 00000010 00000100 0000100000010000 00100000 01000000 10000000;

配置

vi /appdata/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

在这里插入图片描述

2.2 配置http模块

	sendfile        on;
    tcp_nopush      on;
    client_max_body_size 1024m;
    client_body_buffer_size 10m;
    client_header_buffer_size 10m;
    proxy_buffers 4 128k;
    proxy_busy_buffers_size 128k;
    open_file_cache max=102400 inactive=20s;
    #这个将为打开文件指定缓存，默认是没有启用的，max指定缓存数量，建议和打开文件数一致，inactive是指经过多长
时间文件没被请求后删除缓存。
    open_file_cache_valid 30s;
    keepalive_timeout  60;

在这里插入图片描述

2.3 优化Linux 系统

vi /etc/sysctl.conf

文件 sysctl.conf

	vm.swappiness=0
	#增加tcp支持的队列数
	net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 262144
	#减少断开连接时 ，资源回收
	net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 8000
	# 表示开启重用。
	# 允许将TIME-WAIT sockets重新用于新的TCP连接，默认为0，表示关闭； 
	net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
	net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
	# 表示如果套接字由本端要求关闭，这个参数决定了它保持在FIN-WAIT-2状态的时间。
	net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 10
	#改变本地的端口范围
	net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65535
	#对于只在本地使用的数据库服务器
	net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 1
	#端口监听队列
	net.core.somaxconn=65535
	#接受数据的速率
	net.core.netdev_max_backlog=65535
	net.core.wmem_default=87380
	net.core.wmem_max=16777216
	net.core.rmem_default=87380
	net.core.rmem_max=16777216
	# 开启SYN Cookies。
	#  当出现SYN等待队列溢出时，启用cookies来处理，可防范少量SYN攻击，
	#  默认为0，表示关闭；
	net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 0
	net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 262144


vi /etc/security/limits.conf

	*               soft    nofile           65535
	*               hard    nofile           65535
	*               soft    noproc           65535
	*               hard    noproc           65535

ulimit -n 65536

# 三、压测
![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/c38c340939fc40eca2515bfbe7731faf.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_d3F5LXplbmhlaQ,shadow_50,text_Q1NETiBA6Zeu566A,size_20,color_FFFFFF,t_70,g_se,x_16)


工具安装教程：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_32415063/article/details/105896406

## 3.1 压测，20万
	
	ab -n 200000 -c 5000 http://192.168.23.129:80/index.html

报告
```report
Server Software:        nginx/1.18.0
Server Hostname:        192.168.23.129
Server Port:            80

Document Path:          /index.html
Document Length:        612 bytes

Concurrency Level:      5000
Time taken for tests:   82.459 seconds
Complete requests:      200000
Failed requests:        0
Write errors:           0
Total transferred:      168999155 bytes
HTML transferred:       122399388 bytes
Requests per second:    2425.44 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request:       2061.482 [ms] (mean)
Time per request:       0.412 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate:          2001.45 [Kbytes/sec] received

Connection Times (ms)
              min  mean[+/-sd] median   max
Connect:        0  875 2739.5     78   31732
Processing:     3  209 722.7     77   61598
Waiting:        0  206 709.2     76   36979
Total:          3 1084 2849.8    180   68689

Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
  50%    180
  66%    458
  75%   1130
  80%   1169
  90%   3102
  95%   3552
  98%   7512
  99%  15209
 100%  68689 (longest request)

3.2 压测，1万

ab -n 1000000 -c 100 http://172.16.1.140/tmp/1k.txt

3.2.1 测试环境摘要

服务器平台：dell r720

处理器: Intel Xeon E5-2609 v2 @ 2.50GHz *2  （总计8c ） 
内存：128G
硬盘：3T raid5
操作系统：CentOS7.2 x64

测试机：

处理器：Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-4460 CPU @ 3.20GHz，
内存16G 操作系统：Fedora 22 x64
测试工具：Apache bench
工具安装：sudo dnf install httpd-tools -y

客户端与服务器用一个千兆交换机互联

调整服务器配置：

#  /etc/sysctl.conf

	net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies=1
	net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse=1
	net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle=1
	net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout=30
	net.core.netdev_max_backlog=20000
	net.core.somaxconn=20000
	net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans=20000
	net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog=20000
	net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps=0
	net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries=1
	net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries=1


# /etc/security/limits.conf 
	* soft nofile 10000
	* hard nofile 10000

静态资源放在/tmp（内存文件系统上）关掉access log 对性能没有影响
服务器网口：4个，由于CPU还有很大余量，预计4个网口同时使用（公网dns负载均衡），10k测试样本能达到接近3.6Gbit/s吞吐量且CPU接近饱和

由于测试样本位于/tmp，因此磁盘io对本次测试无明显影响

3.2.2 测试报告

1k.txt

Document Path: /tmp/1k.txt
Document Length: 1024 bytes
Concurrency Level: 100
Time taken for tests: 25.521 seconds
Complete requests: 1000000
Failed requests: 0
Total transferred: 1274000000 bytes
HTML transferred: 1024000000 bytes
Requests per second: 39183.77 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request: 2.552 [ms] (mean)
Time per request: 0.026 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate: 48750.12 [Kbytes/sec] received
服务器网卡目测平均：230Mbit/s

2k.txt

Document Path: /tmp/2k.txt
Document Length: 2048 bytes
Concurrency Level: 100
Time taken for tests: 25.245 seconds
Complete requests: 1000000
Failed requests: 0
Total transferred: 2298000000bytes
HTML transferred: 2048000000 bytes
Requests per second: 39611.50 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request: 2.525[ms] (mean)
Time per request: 0.025[ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate: 88893.78[Kbytes/sec] received
服务器网卡目测平均：330Mbit/s

3k.txt

Server Software: nginx/1.11.6
Server Hostname: 172.16.1.140 Server Port: 80
Document Path: /tmp/3k.txt 
Document Length: 3072 bytes
Concurrency Level: 100 
Time taken for tests: 31.855 seconds 
Complete requests: 1000000 
Failed requests: 0 
Total transferred: 3322000000 bytes 
HTML transferred: 3072000000 bytes 
Requests per second: 31392.34 [#/sec] (mean) 
Time per request: 3.185 [ms] (mean) 
Time per request: 0.032 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) 
Transfer rate:101841.16 [Kbytes/sec] received 
服务器网卡目测平均：491Mbit/s

4k.txt

Document Path: /tmp/4k.txt
Document Length: 4096 bytes
Concurrency Level: 100
Time taken for tests: 39.808 seconds
Complete requests: 1000000
Failed requests: 0
Total transferred: 4347000000 bytes
HTML transferred: 4096000000 bytes
Requests per second: 25120.48 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request: 3.981 [ms] (mean)
Time per request: 0.040 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate: 106639.38 [Kbytes/sec] received
服务器网卡目测平均：920Mbit/s

10k.txt

Document Path: /tmp/10k.txt
Document Length: 10240 bytes
Concurrency Level: 100
Time taken for tests: 92.317 seconds
Complete requests: 1000000
Failed requests: 0
Total transferred: 10492000000 bytes
HTML transferred: 10240000000 bytes
Requests per second: 10832.30 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request: 9.232 [ms] (mean)
Time per request: 0.092 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate: 110988.73 [Kbytes/sec] received
服务器网卡目测平均：955Mbit/s

3.2 压测，140万QPS

worker_processes 32;
worker_cpu_affinity auto;

worker_connections 102400

16 核的时候，不需要开启RPS特性(RPS和RFS网卡多队列)，就可以把所有 CPU 打满，网络达到极限；但是测试 32 核的时候，需要开启 RPS。

nginx性能测试结论

nginx优化的方法三种，第一种优化linux内核参数，使内核变的更为强大，第二种是优化nginx配置文件，使nginx变的更为强大, 第三种是扩展服务器的cpu和内存，使服务器变的更为强大。

单机测试：

单机8核cpu的平均在30000QPS, 1万并发连接数平均消耗40%cpu。

nginx并发数与cpu核数有关，cpu核数到达88核可以实现百万QPS数量。

并发连接数达到8000 ~ 10000 开始有很少量的error，并发连接数达到20000 error 数量开始上升。
参考内存配置要求：

在操作系统层面每个TCP连接会占用3k-10k的内存，以20万来计算，需要2G内存。nginx程序本身还要消耗内存，特别是nginx反向代理POST请求比较多的情况，20万连接情况下推荐16G内存配置。

参考：

https://blog.csdn.net/qq_32415063/article/details/105888045
https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/35449671
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_27384769/article/details/107856114