Python多线程中锁的基本概念

  最近复习了下多线程中锁的知识，发现网络上好多篇博文介绍多线程中锁的概念时都很含糊其辞，一笔就带过了。而且更要命的地方在于几乎都将锁与资源放在一起介绍，让我看得云里雾里的，看得是十分头疼。这篇文章就单独说下锁的基本概念，其余高级应用可以去那些博客看看。
  首先要明确的一点就是：锁跟资源其实是不相干的。多线程中的锁是一个全局变量实例，它的作用等同于一个标志位。其具体用法为，在全部需要加锁的资源处，在修改前对锁进行锁定，修改完后释放锁。当一个线程对锁进行锁定后，其余线程执行对锁进行锁定的操作时就会进入阻塞状态，直至锁被释放，然后由多个线程对该锁进行抢夺。抢夺到锁的线程将锁进行锁定，然后对资源进行修改，其余未抢夺到锁的线程则继续处于阻塞状态。
  用代码来阐述就是

import time
from datetime import datetime
from threading import Thread, Lock

Resource = 0
ResourceLock = Lock()


def modify():
    ResourceLock.acquire()
    print(f'child thread 1 get lock time: '
          f'{datetime.now().strftime("%H:%M:%S")}')
    time.sleep(3)
    global Resource
    Resource += 3
    print(f'child thread 1 modify resource time: '
          f'{datetime.now().strftime("%H:%M:%S")} resource: {Resource}')
    print(f'child thread 1 release lock time: '
          f'{datetime.now().strftime("%H:%M:%S")}')
    ResourceLock.release()


def modify_2():
    time.sleep(1)
    global Resource
    Resource += 100
    print(f'child thread 2 modify resource time: '
          f'{datetime.now().strftime("%H:%M:%S")} resource: {Resource}')


def modify_3():
    ResourceLock.acquire()
    print(f'child thread 3 get lock time: '
          f'{datetime.now().strftime("%H:%M:%S")}')
    time.sleep(1)
    global Resource
    Resource += 2
    print(f'child thread 3 modify resource time: '
          f'{datetime.now().strftime("%H:%M:%S")} resource: {Resource}')
    print(f'child thread 3 release lock time: '
          f'{datetime.now().strftime("%H:%M:%S")}')
    ResourceLock.release()


def main():
    child_thread_1 = Thread(target=modify)
    child_thread_2 = Thread(target=modify_2)
    child_thread_3 = Thread(target=modify_3)
    child_thread_1.start()
    child_thread_2.start()
    child_thread_3.start()
    time.sleep(6)
    print(f'main thread exit time: '
          f'{datetime.now().strftime("%H:%M:%S")}')


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

  其运行结果为

child thread 1 get lock time: 14:32:13
child thread 2 modify resource time: 14:32:14 resource: 100
child thread 1 modify resource time: 14:32:16 resource: 103
child thread 1 release lock time: 14:32:16
child thread 3 get lock time: 14:32:16
child thread 3 modify resource time: 14:32:17 resource: 105
child thread 3 release lock time: 14:32:17
main thread exit time: 14:32:19

  可以看到子线程1即使抢占了锁，子线程2还是可以修改资源变量。而与此同时，因为子线程1抢占了锁，子线程3进入了阻塞状态，直至子线程1释放了锁。