c语言实现让程序只运行一个进程实例

近期找了多种c语言实现让程序只运行一个进程实例方法，只有一种最合适。

#include<stdio.h>   
#include<fcntl.h>   
#include<stdlib.h>  
#include<errno.h>   
#include<unistd.h>
#include<string.h> 
 
#define LOCKFILE ".lock"
 
int lockfile(int fd)
{
    struct flock fl;
    fl.l_type = F_WRLCK;
    fl.l_start = 0;
    fl.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
    fl.l_len = 0;
 
    return fcntl(fd, F_SETLK, &fl);
}
 
int already_running(void)
{
    int fd;
    char buf[16]; 
    fd = open(LOCKFILE, O_RDWR | O_CREAT, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IROTH);
    if(fd < 0)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "FAILED TO OPEN FILE" LOCKFILE);
        exit(1);
    }
    if(lockfile(fd) < 0)
    {
        if(EACCES == errno || EAGAIN == errno)
        {
            close(fd);
            return 1;
        }
 
        fprintf(stderr, "FAILED TO LOCK FILE" LOCKFILE);
        exit(1);
    }
 
    ftruncate(fd, 0);
    sprintf(buf, "%ld", (long)getpid());
    write(fd, buf, strlen(buf) + 1);
    return 0;
}
 
int main()
{
    if(already_running())
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "PROGRAM ALREADY RUNNING...\n");
        exit(0);
    }
 
    while(1)
    {
		sleep(1);
        printf("INPUT CTRL+C TO KILL ME!\n");
    }
    
    return 0;
}

编译运行

root@ubuntu:/home/per/demo# gcc msg3.c -o msg3
root@ubuntu:/home/per/demo# ./msg3
INPUT CTRL+C TO KILL ME!
INPUT CTRL+C TO KILL ME!
INPUT CTRL+C TO KILL ME!
INPUT CTRL+C TO KILL ME!

root@ubuntu:/home/per/demo# ./msg3
PROGRAM ALREADY RUNNING...
root@ubuntu:/home/per/demo# 

其他有问题方法，最主要是需要释放资源才能重新申请等方法，都不太可行。

下面这个方法，如果遇到程序异常退出或者Ctrl+C退出，则程序无法启动。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <semaphore.h>

#define SEM_NAME "/my_semaphore"

int lock_instance() {
    sem_t *sem;
    int fd;
    int rc;
	int value;

    // 创建或打开一个命名信号量
    sem = sem_open(SEM_NAME, O_CREAT, 0644, 1);
	printf("sem_open.\n");
    if (sem == SEM_FAILED) {
        perror("Failed to create semaphore");
        return -1;
    }

    // 获取信号量锁
    rc = sem_wait(sem);
	printf("sem_wait rc:[%d].\n", rc);
    if (rc == -1) {
        perror("Failed to lock semaphore");
        sem_close(sem);
        return -1;
    }

    // 获取成功，返回信号量句柄
    fd = sem_getvalue(sem, &value);
	printf("sem_getvalue.fd:%d  value:%d\n", fd, value);
    return fd;
}

int unlock_instance(int fd) {
    sem_t *sem;
    int rc;

    // 获取信号量句柄
    sem = sem_open(SEM_NAME, O_CREAT, 0644, 1);
	printf("unlock_instance sem_open.\n");
    if (sem == SEM_FAILED) {
        perror("Failed to create semaphore");
        return -1;
    }

    // 释放信号量锁
    rc = sem_post(sem);
	printf("unlock_instance sem_post.\n");
    if (rc == -1) {
        perror("Failed to unlock semaphore");
        sem_close(sem);
        return -1;
    }

    // 释放成功，关闭信号量句柄并删除命名信号量
    sem_close(sem);
	printf("unlock_instance sem_close.\n");
    sem_unlink(SEM_NAME);
	printf("unlock_instance sem_unlink.\n");

    return 0;
}

int main() {
	printf("main.\n");
    int fd = lock_instance();
    if (fd == -1) {
        printf("Another instance is running.\n");
        return 1;
    }

    printf("This is the only instance.\n");

    // 程序正常退出时释放锁
    atexit(unlock_instance);
	printf("sleep 6s.\n");
	sleep( 6 );
	printf("exit.\n");
    return 0;
}