一、map和set的引入
我们都知道,STL在C++ 中得到了广泛使用,它不仅仅由于是提供了类似vector,list等方便使用的容器,更是因为它封装了许多复杂的数据结构算法和大量数据结构的操作。vector封装数组,list封装链表,而map和set则是用来封装二叉树的。
还有要知道的就说STL中的容器分为两大类:序列式容器和关联式容器,其中vector和list属于序列式容器,而map和set则属于关联式容器,那么为什么map和set的插入删除效率比其他序列式容器高呢?原因就是关联式容器不需要进行内存拷贝和内存移动,所有元素都是以节点的方式进行存储的,插入删除自然更高效。
二、map在库中的基础知识
1、map的模板参数:
2、常用接口:
3、map运用的例子:统计水果出现的次数以及前K种出现次数最多的水果
#include <iostream>
#include <set>
#include <map>
#include <algorithm>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
template <typename K,typename V>
void sortMap(string fruits[],size_t sz,const map<K,V> &m)//统计出现最多的前k种水果(降序)
{
map <string,int> count;
for (size_t i = 0; i < sz; ++i)
{
count[fruits[i]]++;
}
//将迭代器导入vector
vector<map<string,int>::iterator> heap;
map<string,int>::iterator mapIt = count.begin();
while(mapIt != count.end())
{
heap.push_back(mapIt);
++mapIt;
}
//建小堆
struct Com
{
bool operator()(const map<string,int>::iterator l,const map<string,int>::iterator r)
{
return l->second < r->second;
}
};
sort(heap.begin(),heap.end(),Com());
//make_heap(heap.begin(),heap.end(),Com());
//int diff = heap.size() - k;
向下调整
//while(diff--)
//{
// pop_heap(heap.begin(),heap.end(),Com());
// heap.pop_back();
//}
//输出结果
while(heap.size() != 0)
{
cout<<heap.back()->first<<":"<<heap.back()->second<<endl;
heap.pop_back();
}
}
void CountMap(string fruits[],size_t sz)//统计水果出现的次数
{
map <string,int> count;
for (size_t i = 0; i < sz; ++i)
{
方法1
// map <string,int>::iterator it = count.find(fruits[i]);
// if (it != count.end())
// {
// it->second++;
// //*(it).second++;
// }
// else
// {
// count.insert(pair<string,int>(fruits[i],1));
// }
方法2
//pair <map<string,int>::iterator,bool> ret;
//ret = count.insert(pair<string,int>(fruits[i],1));
//if (ret.second == false)
//{
// ret.first->second++;
//}
//方法3
count[fruits[i]]++;
}
}
int main()
{
map <string,int> count;
string fruits[] = {"apple","banana","orange","pineapple","grape",
"banana","orange","apple","apple","orange",
"pineapple","grape","orange","pineapple","pear",
"grapefruit","mango","mango juice","apple",
"Hami melon","melon","peach","banana",
"pineapple","grape","orange","pineapple","pear",
"grapefruit","mango","apple","melon","peach","banana",
"melon","peach","banana", "Hami melon",
"pineapple","grape","orange","pineapple","pear",
"grapefruit","mango","peach","peach"};
size_t sz = sizeof(fruits)/sizeof(fruits[0]);
CountMap(fruits,sz);
sortMap(fruits,sz,count);
system("pause");
return 0;
}
运行结果:
三、set在库中的基本内容
1、set的模板参数
2、常用接口
3、set运用实例
set的插入和删除:
代码运用:
void PrintSet(const set<int>& s)
{
set <int>::iterator it = s.begin();
while (it != s.end())
{
cout<<*it<<" ";
it++;
}
cout<<endl;
}
void TestSet()
{
set <int> s;
//1普通插入,返回pair类型
pair<set<int>::iterator,bool> ret;
ret = s.insert(2);
if (ret.second == true)
{
cout<<"插入成功!"<<endl;
}
else
{
cout<<"插入的值已存在,插入失败!"<<endl;
}
ret = s.insert(4);
if (ret.second == true)
{
cout<<"插入成功!"<<endl;
}
else
{
cout<<"插入的值已存在,插入失败!"<<endl;
}
ret = s.insert(2);
if (ret.second == true)
{
cout<<"插入成功!"<<endl;
}
else
{
cout<<"插入的值已存在,插入失败!"<<endl;
}
PrintSet(s);
//2、根据迭代器位置进行插入,返回一个迭代器
set<int>::iterator it = s.find(2);
set<int>::iterator retIt = s.insert(it,3);
if (retIt == s.end())
{
cout<<"插入的值已存在,插入失败"<<endl;
}
else
{
cout<<"插入成功!"<<endl;
}
retIt = s.insert(it,4);
if (retIt == s.end())
{
cout<<"插入的值已存在,插入失败"<<endl;
}
else
{
cout<<"插入成功!"<<endl;
}
PrintSet(s);
//3、插入一段迭代器区间,无返回值
vector<int> v;
v.push_back(5);
v.push_back(6);
v.push_back(7);
vector<int>::iterator start = v.begin();
vector<int>::iterator tail = v.end();
s.insert(start,tail);
PrintSet(s);
//set的删除
s.insert(0);
s.insert(1);
s.insert(2);
s.insert(3);
s.insert(4);
s.insert(5);
PrintSet(s);
//1.通过迭代器位置删除,无返回值
set<int>::iterator eraseIt = s.find(0);
s.erase(eraseIt);
PrintSet(s);
//2.通过值删除,删除成功返回1,不存在返回0
size_t a = s.erase(0);
PrintSet(s);
//3.删除迭代器区间,无返回值
s.erase(++s.begin(),--s.end());//只留下第一个和最后一个,其余全部删除
PrintSet(s);
}
int main()
{
TestSet();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
运行结果: