Linux 6.4 + Oracle 11.2g Oracle 简易安装步骤

准备工作，安装软件包

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
本地网络参数配置
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1、设定主机名称(HOSTNAME)

#vi /etc/sysconfig/network  


NETWORKING=yes
NETWORKING_IPV6=no
HOSTNAME=orcl-db-01
GATEWAY=45.72.129.209

2、设定网路卡参数IP地址

#vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

# Intel Corporation 82571EB Gigabit Ethernet Controller
DEVICE=eth0
BOOTPROTO=static
BROADCAST=45.72.129.255
HWADDR=68:05:CA:04:07:86
IPADDR=45.72.129.71
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
NETWORK=45.72.129.0
ONBOOT=yes

3、修改主机Hosts文件,解决DNS指向

#vi /etc/hosts

注：主机名对应IP地址

10.30.69.38 A8-EPMS-DB-01
10.30.69.38 localhost A8-EPMS-DB-01 A8-EPMS-DB-01.localdomain
10.30.69.39 A8-EPMS-DB-02
192.168.1.8   e5-orcdb-01

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
配置系统内核参数
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4、配置sysctl.conf

[root@localhost ~]# cat  /etc/sysctl.conf

--追加以下内容，注意设置shmall 是全部允许使用的共享内存大小，shmmax 是单个段允许使用的大小。
这两个可以设置为内存的 90%。例如 16G 内存，16*1024*1024*1024*90% = 15461882265，
shmall 的大小为 15461882265/4k(getconf PAGESIZE可得到) = 3774873。

fs.file-max = 6815744
fs.aio-max-nr=1048576


#kernel.shmmax = 536870912
kernel.shmmax = 15461882265
#kernel.shmall = 3774873
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128


net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

启用所有变更
#/sbin/sysctl -p

# sysctl -p

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
为oracle用户分配资源
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5、为oracle用户分配资源

# vi /etc/security/limits.conf

oracle           soft    nproc           2047
oracle           hard    nproc           16384
oracle           soft    nofile          1024
oracle           hard    nofile          65536
oracle           soft    stack           10240
oracle           hard    stack           10240

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
配置PAM
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

6、配置PAM

编辑文件：vi /etc/pam.d/login 加入以下语句:

session    required     pam_limits.so

(注意：根据最后一条session规则的注释，应该加在最后一条规则之前）
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
配置Oracle安装用户权限及数据库安装文件等
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

7、配置Oracle用户及安装目录

#创建Oracle 用户与组  注意最一后 passwd 输入密码

groupadd oinstall;
groupadd dba;
groupadd oper;
useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle;
passwd oracle;

#oracle 安装在/u01/app/oracle
echo "oracle 安装在/u01/app/oracle:";


mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle;
chown -R  oracle:oinstall  /u01/app/oracle;
chmod 755 /u01/app/oracle;

#oracle安装数据存在/u01/app/oracle/oradata
echo "oracle安装数据存在/u01/app/oracle/oradata:";

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata;
chown -R  oracle:oinstall  /u01/app/oracle/oradata;
chmod 755 /u01/app/oracle/oradata;

#设置Inventory目录
echo "#设置Inventory目录:";

mkdir -p /u01/app/oraInventory;
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oraInventory;
chmod 755 /u01/app/oraInventory;

#设置ORACLE_HOME目录
echo "#设置ORACLE_HOME目录:";

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1;
chown -R oracle:oinstall  /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1;
chmod 755 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1;

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
设置oracle帐号登录时环境
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

8、设置oracle帐号登录时环境(以oracle身份登录)

重启，以oracle帐号登录系统，图形界面登录

编辑文件 .bash_profile,添加以下行：

vi /home/oracle/.bash_profile

ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle  
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 
ORACLE_SID=orcl
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin 
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib 
LANG=C 
export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID PATH LD_LIBRARY_PATH LANG


执行以下命令使以上设置立即生效：
$source /home/oracle/.bash_profile

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
准备安装文件
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

9、准备安装文件，并授安装权限，用户oracle登录安装

--使用root权限
chmod 777 -R /tmp/linuxamd64_12102_database/database;
chmod 777 -R /tmp/database;

---用户oracle登录安装
exportNLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.UTF8
export LC_ALL=C
export LANG=C

$export LANG=C
$ ./runInstaller

以下进入图形界面安装

注意：在设置输入sys、system等用户密码时，无法输入密码。
执行以下操作：
xprop  -root  -remove  _MOTIF_DEFAULT_BINDINGS
xprop  -remove  WM_LOCALE_NAME
xprop  -root  -remove  XIM_SERVERS

安装中检查中可能有许多必需的安装包，可以Ignore All " 全部忽略";

在安装　配置选项页面，注意，＂字符集＂的选择，根据之前环境要求，确认字符集。
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
配置listener.ora  tnsnames.ora
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

10、配置listener.ora  tnsnames.ora

/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin

vi listener.ora

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
    )
  )

orcl =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 45.72.129.71)(PORT = 1521))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
    )
  )

SID_LIST_LISTENER =(SID_LIST =(SID_DESC =(GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl.localdomain)(SID_NAME = orcl.localdomain)))

SID_LIST_LISTENER =(SID_LIST =(SID_DESC =(GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl.localdomain)(SID_NAME = orcl.localdomain)))


vi tnsnames.ora 

ORCL =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl.localdomain)
    )
  )

dove =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 45.72.129.71)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl.localdomain)
    )
  )
    
--启动监听
lsnrctl start

---测试tns是否可用
tnsping dove
$sqlplus /nolog
$conn aa/passwd@dove
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

11、安装完成成这后测试

---测试登录,启动数据库
$sqlplus /nolog
$conn /as sysdba
SQL>startup
SQL>select * from tab;

--关闭数据库
SQL>sutdown immediate

----防火墙设置 关闭
systemctl status firewalld
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
systemctl enable firewalld