[本文中只说明使用Annotaion注解方式配置hibernate关系映射的方法和注意事项]
所谓关系,不是指数据库表与表之间的关系,因为数据库表之间只有主外键关系(数据库设计时一般遵循主键关联和单向外键关联,比较清晰)。
关系映射中的“关系”指的是对象之间的关系,不是继承、实现,而是指对象数量之间的四种关系:一对一,一对多,多对一,多对多。
关系还分为单向和双向之分。例如,一夫一妻,丈夫中有妻子的外键,妻子也有丈夫的外键,就是双向的一对一关系,但数据库有冗余,建立了一个外键即可。所以双向的对象数量之间的关系无论哪一种,在hibernate中必须使用mappedBy指明建立哪一个外键,否则数据库设计不合格,在指明后,生成的数据库与单向一对一生成的数据库无差别。
本例使用Myeclipse自带的Junit4进行测试,使用log4j配置 log4j.logger.org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl=debug 查看DDL日志,每次测试时都在hibernate配置文件中hibernate.cfg.xml映射对应的实体类,并设置<property name="hbm2ddl.auto">create</property>,以自动创建数据库表及结构。hibernateUtil包的HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory().getCurrentSession();方法可获取当前Session。
双向关系一般很少用,一对一,多对多关系也很少用,用到的大多数情况下是单向多对一、单向一对多。
单向一对一:
一对一在数据库中该怎么设计?把一个表的id设置为另一个表的外键即可并切只设置一个外键,不需要互相都设置成外键,否则冗余。
所以在一个实体类中加入另一个实体类的对象并在get方法上@OneToOne即可
Husband.java
package com.ibm.hibernateOneToOne;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.OneToOne;
@Entity
public class Husband {
private int id;
private String name;
//加入Wife的对象引用,在数据库生成时Husband表中加入妻子id
private Wife wife;
@OneToOne
//@JoinColumn(name="wifeid")可以改变外键字段名,默认为wife_id
public Wife getWife() {
return wife;
}
public void setWife(Wife wife) {
this.wife = wife;
}
@Id
@GeneratedValue
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
}
Wife.java
package com.ibm.hibernateOneToOne;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.JoinColumn;
import javax.persistence.OneToOne;
@Entity
public class Wife {
private int id;
private String name;
/*private Husband husband;
@OneToOne(mappedBy=""wife)//Husband中Wife对象的名字。
@JoinColumn(name="husband_id")<strong>//指定外键的字段名,默认为husband_id</strong>
public Husband getHusband() {
return husband;
}
public void setHusband(Husband husband) {
this.husband = husband;
}*/
@Id
@GeneratedValue
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
}
单向一对一DDL/双向加mappedBy一对一DDL:
Hibernate: drop table if exists Husband
Hibernate: drop table if exists Wife
Hibernate: create table Husband (id integer not null auto_increment, name varchar(255), wife_id integer, primary key (id))
Hibernate: create table Wife (id integer not null auto_increment, name varchar(255), primary key (id))
Hibernate: alter table Husband add constraint FK_4565w2c4f1cj082spdiok0w6 foreign key (wife_id) references Wife (id)
含有mappedBy=""实体类不再生成外键,表示由对方实体类中的某对象名主导。
Wife中如果去点/**/引用的部分则为双向一对一。
不加mappedBy的双向DDL:
Hibernate: drop table if exists Husband
Hibernate: drop table if exists Wife
Hibernate: create table Husband (id integer not null auto_increment, name varchar(255), wife_id integer, primary key (id))
Hibernate: create table Wife (id integer not null auto_increment, name varchar(255), husband_id integer, primary key (id))
Hibernate: alter table Husband add constraint FK_4565w2c4f1cj082spdiok0w6 foreign key (wife_id) references Wife (id)
Hibernate: alter table Wife add constraint FK_n86d0ervyo0jv9a18yx655329 foreign key (husband_id) references Husband (id)
若不加有冗余,因为只需要一个外键即可确定一对一关系,在OneToOne后加入(mappedBy="wife"),则DDL结果与单向一对一无差别。
为何要用双向:虽然数据库结果一样,但是对象中却是双向的,可从wife得到husband,也可从husband达到wife。
单向多对一:
多对一在数据库中怎么设置?一般在“多”的表中设置一个“少”的一方的外键。反过来会有冗余哦。
所以在"多"的实体类中加入"少"的实体类对象并在get方法上@ManyToOne即可
例如:一个人有多个梦想,一个梦想只能被一个人拥有:
Dream.java
package com.ibm.hibernateManyToOne;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.JoinColumn;
import javax.persistence.ManyToOne;
@Entity
public class Dream {
private int id;
private String dream;
private Person person;
@ManyToOne
@JoinColumn(name="personid")
public Person getPerson() {
return person;
}
public void setPerson(Person person) {
this.person = person;
}
@Id
@GeneratedValue
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getDream() {
return dream;
}
public void setDream(String dream) {
this.dream = dream;
}
}
Person.java
package com.ibm.hibernateManyToOne;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
@Entity
public class Person {
private int id;
private String name;
@Id
@GeneratedValue
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
}
单向多对一DDL:
Hibernate: drop table if exists Dream
Hibernate: drop table if exists Person
Hibernate: create table Dream (id integer not null auto_increment, dream varchar(255), personid integer, primary key (id))
Hibernate: create table Person (id integer not null auto_increment, name varchar(255), primary key (id))
Hibernate: alter table Dream add constraint FK_hg1723l9yhysmlxywmgmdgd39 foreign key (personid) references Person (id)
单向一对多:
数据库怎么设计?与一对多一样,只不过"一"的实体类中需加入Set类型的"多"的实体类。其他都一样。
Person1.java
package com.ibm.hibernateOneToMany;
import java.util.Set;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.JoinColumn;
import javax.persistence.OneToMany;
@Entity
public class Person1 {
private int id;
private String name;
private Set<Dream1> dream1;
@OneToMany
@JoinColumn(name="personid")
public Set<Dream1> getDream1() {
return dream1;
}
public void setDream1(Set<Dream1> dream1) {
this.dream1 = dream1;
}
@Id
@GeneratedValue
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
}
Dream.java
package com.ibm.hibernateOneToMany;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
@Entity
public class Dream1 {
private int id;
private String dream;
@Id
@GeneratedValue
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getDream() {
return dream;
}
public void setDream(String dream) {
this.dream = dream;
}
}
单向一对多DDL:(与单向多对一一样,数据库一样)
Hibernate: drop table if exists Dream1
Hibernate: drop table if exists Person1
Hibernate: create table Dream1 (id integer not null auto_increment, dream varchar(255), personid integer, primary key (id))
Hibernate: create table Person1 (id integer not null auto_increment, name varchar(255), primary key (id))
Hibernate: alter table Dream1 add constraint FK_lswteige4aru1ov44wxodqmos foreign key (personid) references Person1 (id)
双向多对一 = 双向一对多:
数据库与单向一对多多对一都一样,只是实体类之间可以相互引用。
dream2.java
package com.ibm.hibernateBi_ManyToOne_OneToMany;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.ManyToOne;
@Entity
public class Dream2 {
private int id;
private String dname;
private Person2 person2;
@ManyToOne
public Person2 getPerson2() {
return person2;
}
public void setPerson2(Person2 person2) {
this.person2 = person2;
}
@Id
@GeneratedValue
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getDname() {
return dname;
}
public void setDname(String dname) {
this.dname = dname;
}
}
Person2.java
package com.ibm.hibernateBi_ManyToOne_OneToMany;
import java.util.Set;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.OneToMany;
@Entity
public class Person2 {
private int id;
private String name;
private Set<Dream2> dream2;
@OneToMany(mappedBy="person2")
public Set<Dream2> getDream2() {
return dream2;
}
public void setDream2(Set<Dream2> dream2) {
this.dream2 = dream2;
}
@Id
@GeneratedValue
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
}
双向多对一(也即双向一对多)DDL:(与单向一对多,单向多对一一样,因为数据库设计的都一样)
Hibernate: drop table if exists Dream2
Hibernate: drop table if exists Person2
Hibernate: create table Dream2 (id integer not null auto_increment, dname varchar(255), person2_id integer, primary key (id))
Hibernate: create table Person2 (id integer not null auto_increment, name varchar(255), primary key (id))
Hibernate: alter table Dream2 add constraint FK_5v0q0beloi3kwr4d4ue44kg2e foreign key (person2_id) references Person2 (id)
单向多对多:
数据库设计?生成一个新的中间表,外键是两个表的id,单向所以一个实体类中加另一个实体类的set类型的对象,并在get方法上@ManyToMany
例如:学生与课程,一个学生可以选多个课程,一个课程可以被多个学生选择。
Course.java
package com.ibm.hibernateManyToMany;
import java.util.Set;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.JoinColumn;
import javax.persistence.JoinColumns;
import javax.persistence.JoinTable;
import javax.persistence.ManyToMany;
@Entity
public class Course {
private int id;
private String courseName;
private Set<Student> student;
@Id
@GeneratedValue
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getCourseName() {
return courseName;
}
public void setCourseName(String courseName) {
this.courseName = courseName;
}
@ManyToMany//新生成的表名,当前实体类外键的id名字,另一个实体类外键的id名字
@JoinTable(name="c_s",
joinColumns={@JoinColumn(name="courseid")},
inverseJoinColumns={@JoinColumn(name="studentid")})
public Set<Student> getStudent() {
return student;
}
public void setStudent(Set<Student> student) {
this.student = student;
}
}
Student.java
package com.ibm.hibernateManyToMany;
import java.util.Set;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.ManyToMany;
@Entity
public class Student {
private int id;
private String name;
/*
private Set<Course> course;
@ManyToMany(mappedBy="student")
public Set<Course> getCourse() {
return course;
}
public void setCourse(Set<Course> course) {
this.course = course;
}
*/
@Id
@GeneratedValue
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
}
单向多对多DDL:
Hibernate: drop table if exists Course
Hibernate: drop table if exists c_s
Hibernate: create table Course (id integer not null auto_increment, courseName varchar(255), primary key (id))
Hibernate: create table Student (id integer not null auto_increment, name varchar(255), primary key (id))
Hibernate: create table c_s (courseid integer not null, studentid integer not null, primary key (courseid, studentid))
Hibernate: alter table c_s add constraint FK_sqya4biyhu2bcn3e3o6b6m61l foreign key (studentid) references Student (id)
Hibernate: alter table c_s add constraint FK_p020gm1dfqwc75g7rs9in4126 foreign key (courseid) references Course (id)
双向多对多:去掉Student.java中的/**/注释中的内容,DDL跟单向的一样。只不过Course和Student之间可以引用
总结一下:双向就在两个实体类互相加入对方对象,是"多的一方"则为Set类型,去掉一方的引用则为单向。单向双向生成的数据库表结构完全一致,只不过双向中对象可以相互引用。一般在多的一方加入对象引用,建立外键。