Using Synchronization in Windows (sample 5 to 8)

Using Ssynchronization in windows (sample 1 to 4)

5.) Using Condition Variables

#include <windows.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>

#define BUFFER_SIZE 10
#define PRODUCER_SLEEP_TIME_MS 500
#define CONSUMER_SLEEP_TIME_MS 2000

LONG Buffer[BUFFER_SIZE];
LONG LastItemProduced;
ULONG QueueSize;
ULONG QueueStartOffset;

ULONG TotalItemsProduced;
ULONG TotalItemsConsumed;

CONDITION_VARIABLE BufferNotEmpty;
CONDITION_VARIABLE BufferNotFull;
CRITICAL_SECTION   BufferLock;

BOOL StopRequested;

DWORD WINAPI ProducerThreadProc (PVOID p)
{
    ULONG ProducerId = (ULONG)(ULONG_PTR)p;

    while (true)
    {
        // Produce a new item.

        Sleep (rand() % PRODUCER_SLEEP_TIME_MS);

        ULONG Item = InterlockedIncrement (&LastItemProduced);

        EnterCriticalSection (&BufferLock);

        while (QueueSize == BUFFER_SIZE && StopRequested == FALSE)
        {
            // Buffer is full - sleep so consumers can get items.
            SleepConditionVariableCS (&BufferNotFull, &BufferLock, INFINITE);
        }

        if (StopRequested == TRUE)
        {
            LeaveCriticalSection (&BufferLock);
            break;
        }

        // Insert the item at the end of the queue and increment size.

        Buffer[(QueueStartOffset + QueueSize) % BUFFER_SIZE] = Item;
        QueueSize++;
        TotalItemsProduced++;

        printf ("Producer %u: item %2d, queue size %2u\r\n", ProducerId, Item, QueueSize);

        LeaveCriticalSection (&BufferLock);

        // If a consumer is waiting, wake it.

        WakeConditionVariable (&BufferNotEmpty);
    }

    printf ("Producer %u exiting\r\n", ProducerId);
    return 0;
}

DWORD WINAPI ConsumerThreadProc (PVOID p)
{
    ULONG ConsumerId = (ULONG)(ULONG_PTR)p;

    while (true)
    {
        EnterCriticalSection (&BufferLock);

        while (QueueSize == 0 && StopRequested == FALSE)
        {
            // Buffer is empty - sleep so producers can create items.
            SleepConditionVariableCS (&BufferNotEmpty, &BufferLock, INFINITE);
        }

        if (StopRequested == TRUE && QueueSize == 0)
        {
            LeaveCriticalSection (&BufferLock);
            break;
        }

        // Consume the first available item.

        LONG Item = Buffer[QueueStartOffset];

        QueueSize--;
        QueueStartOffset++;
        TotalItemsConsumed++;

        if (QueueStartOffset == BUFFER_SIZE)
        {
            QueueStartOffset = 0;
        }

        printf ("Consumer %u: item %2d, queue size %2u\r\n", 
            ConsumerId, Item, QueueSize);

        LeaveCriticalSection (&BufferLock);

        // If a producer is waiting, wake it.

        WakeConditionVariable (&BufferNotFull);

        // Simulate processing of the item.

        Sleep (rand() % CONSUMER_SLEEP_TIME_MS);
    }

    printf ("Consumer %u exiting\r\n", ConsumerId);
    return 0;
}

void __cdecl wmain (int argc, const wchar_t* argv[])
{
    InitializeConditionVariable (&BufferNotEmpty);
    InitializeConditionVariable (&BufferNotFull);

    InitializeCriticalSection (&BufferLock);

    DWORD id;
    HANDLE hProducer1 = CreateThread (NULL, 0, ProducerThreadProc, (PVOID)1, 0, &id);
    HANDLE hConsumer1 = CreateThread (NULL, 0, ConsumerThreadProc, (PVOID)1, 0, &id);
    HANDLE hConsumer2 = CreateThread (NULL, 0, ConsumerThreadProc, (PVOID)2, 0, &id);

    puts ("Press enter to stop...");
    getchar();

    EnterCriticalSection (&BufferLock);
    StopRequested = TRUE;
    LeaveCriticalSection (&BufferLock);

    WakeAllConditionVariable (&BufferNotFull);
    WakeAllConditionVariable (&BufferNotEmpty);

    WaitForSingleObject (hProducer1, INFINITE);
    WaitForSingleObject (hConsumer1, INFINITE);
    WaitForSingleObject (hConsumer2, INFINITE);

    printf ("TotalItemsProduced: %u, TotalItemsConsumed: %u\r\n", 
        TotalItemsProduced, TotalItemsConsumed);
}

6.) Using Waitable Timer Objects

#define _WIN32_WINNT 0x0500

#include <windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
    HANDLE hTimer = NULL;
    LARGE_INTEGER liDueTime;

    liDueTime.QuadPart = -100000000LL;

    // Create an unnamed waitable timer.
    hTimer = CreateWaitableTimer(NULL, TRUE, NULL);
    if (NULL == hTimer)
    {
        printf("CreateWaitableTimer failed (%d)\n", GetLastError());
        return 1;
    }

    printf("Waiting for 10 seconds...\n");

    // Set a timer to wait for 10 seconds.
    if (!SetWaitableTimer(hTimer, &liDueTime, 0, NULL, NULL, 0))
    {
        printf("SetWaitableTimer failed (%d)\n", GetLastError());
        return 2;
    }

    // Wait for the timer.

    if (WaitForSingleObject(hTimer, INFINITE) != WAIT_OBJECT_0)
        printf("WaitForSingleObject failed (%d)\n", GetLastError());
    else printf("Timer was signaled.\n");

    return 0;
}

7.) Using Singly Linked Lists

#include <windows.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#include <stdio.h>

// Structure to be used for a list item; the first member is the 
// SLIST_ENTRY structure, and additional members are used for data.
// Here, the data is simply a signature for testing purposes. 


typedef struct _PROGRAM_ITEM {
    SLIST_ENTRY ItemEntry;
    ULONG Signature; 
} PROGRAM_ITEM, *PPROGRAM_ITEM;

int main( )
{
    ULONG Count;
    PSLIST_ENTRY pFirstEntry, pListEntry;
    PSLIST_HEADER pListHead;
    PPROGRAM_ITEM pProgramItem;

    // Initialize the list header.
    pListHead = (PSLIST_HEADER)_aligned_malloc(sizeof(SLIST_HEADER),
       MEMORY_ALLOCATION_ALIGNMENT);
    if( NULL == pListHead )
    {
        printf("Memory allocation failed.\n");
        return -1;
    }
    InitializeSListHead(pListHead);

    // Insert 10 items into the list.
    for( Count = 1; Count <= 10; Count += 1 )
    {
        pProgramItem = (PPROGRAM_ITEM)_aligned_malloc(sizeof(PROGRAM_ITEM),
            MEMORY_ALLOCATION_ALIGNMENT);
        if( NULL == pProgramItem )
        {
            printf("Memory allocation failed.\n");
            return -1;
        }
        pProgramItem->Signature = Count;
        pFirstEntry = InterlockedPushEntrySList(pListHead, 
                       &(pProgramItem->ItemEntry)); 
    }

    // Remove 10 items from the list and display the signature.
    for( Count = 10; Count >= 1; Count -= 1 )
    {
        pListEntry = InterlockedPopEntrySList(pListHead);

        if( NULL == pListEntry )
        {
            printf("List is empty.\n");
            return -1;
        }
  
        pProgramItem = (PPROGRAM_ITEM)pListEntry;
        printf("Signature is %d\n", pProgramItem->Signature);

    // This example assumes that the SLIST_ENTRY structure is the 
    // first member of the structure. If your structure does not 
    // follow this convention, you must compute the starting address 
    // of the structure before calling the free function.

        _aligned_free(pListEntry);
    }

    // Flush the list and verify that the items are gone.
    pListEntry = InterlockedFlushSList(pListHead);
    pFirstEntry = InterlockedPopEntrySList(pListHead);
    if (pFirstEntry != NULL)
    {
        printf("Error: List is not empty.\n");
        return -1;
    }

    _aligned_free(pListHead);

    return 1;
}

8.) Using Timer Queues

#define _WIN32_WINNT 0x0500

#include <windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>

HANDLE gDoneEvent;

VOID CALLBACK TimerRoutine(PVOID lpParam, BOOLEAN TimerOrWaitFired)
{
    if (lpParam == NULL)
    {
        printf("TimerRoutine lpParam is NULL\n");
    }
    else
    {
        // lpParam points to the argument; in this case it is an int

        printf("Timer routine called. Parameter is %d.\n", 
                *(int*)lpParam);
    }

    SetEvent(gDoneEvent);
}

int main()
{
    HANDLE hTimer = NULL;
    HANDLE hTimerQueue = NULL;
    int arg = 123;

    // Use an event object to track the TimerRoutine execution
    gDoneEvent = CreateEvent(NULL, TRUE, FALSE, NULL);
    if (NULL == gDoneEvent)
    {
        printf("CreateEvent failed (%d)\n", GetLastError());
        return 1;
    }

    // Create the timer queue.
    hTimerQueue = CreateTimerQueue();
    if (NULL == hTimerQueue)
    {
        printf("CreateTimerQueue failed (%d)\n", GetLastError());
        return 2;
    }

    // Set a timer to call the timer routine in 10 seconds.
    if (!CreateTimerQueueTimer( &hTimer, hTimerQueue, 
            (WAITORTIMERCALLBACK)TimerRoutine, &arg , 10000, 0, 0))
    {
        printf("CreateTimerQueueTimer failed (%d)\n", GetLastError());
        return 3;
    }

    // TODO: Do other useful work here 

    printf("Call timer routine in 10 seconds...\n");

    // Wait for the timer-queue thread to complete using an event 
    // object. The thread will signal the event at that time.

    if (WaitForSingleObject(gDoneEvent, INFINITE) != WAIT_OBJECT_0)
        printf("WaitForSingleObject failed (%d)\n", GetLastError());

    CloseHandle(gDoneEvent);

    // Delete all timers in the timer queue.
    if (!DeleteTimerQueue(hTimerQueue))
        printf("DeleteTimerQueue failed (%d)\n", GetLastError());

    return 0;
}