-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- treatises = ["Arithmetica", "conics", "Elements"]
- print(" ". join(treatises))
- print("-<>-".join(treatises))
- print("".join(treatises))
-
-
- s = "This is a test"
- print("".join(reversed(s)))
- print(s[::-1])
-
- s = "=" * 5
- print(s)
- s *= 2
- print(s)
-
- s = "This is a test"
- t = "This"
- print(t in s)
-
-
-
-
-
- def extract_from_tag(tag, line):
- opener = "<" + tag + ">"
- closer = "</" + tag + ">"
- try:
- i = line.index(opener)
- start = i + len(opener)
- j = line.index(closer, start)
- return line[start:j]
- except ValueError:
- return None
-
-
- def extract_from_tag(tag, line):
- opener = "<" + tag + ">"
- closer = "</" + tag + ">"
- i = line.find(opener)
- if i != -1:
- start = i + len(opener)
- j = line.find(closer, start)
- if j != -1:
- return line[start:j]
- return None
-
-
-
- if filename.lower().endswith((".jpg", ".jpeg")):
- print(filename, "is a JPEG image")
-
-
-
-
- print("\N{Circled digit two}")
- print("\N{Circled digit two}".isdigit())
- print(int("\N{Circled digit two}"))
-
- s = "\t no parking"
- print(s.lstrip())
- print(s.rstrip())
- print(s.strip())
- print("[<unbracketed>]".strip("[]{}<>()"))
-
-
-
-
- s = "This*is*a*test"
- print(s.replace("*", " "))
- print(s.replace("*", ""))
-
- record = "Leo Tolstoy*1828-8-28*1910-11-20"
- fields = record.split("*")
- print(fields)
- born = fields[1].split("-")
- died = fields[2].split("-")
- print("lived about", int(died[0]) - int(born[0]), years)
-
-
- year_born = int(fields[1].split("-")[0])
-
-
- table = "".maketrans("\N{bengali digit zero}"
- "\N{bengali digit one}\N{bengali digit two}"
- "\N{bengali digit three}\N{bengali digit four}"
- "\N{bengali digit five}\N{bengali digit six}"
- "\N{bengali digit seven}\N{bengali digit eight}"
- "\N{bengali digit nine}", "0123456789")
- print("20749".translate(table))
- print("\N{bengali digit two}07\N{bengali digit four}"
- "\N{bengali digit nine}".translate(table))
-
-
-
-
- print("The novel '{0}' was published in {1}".format("Hard Times", 1854))
-
-
-
-
-
- print("{{{0}}}{1};-}}".format("I'm in braces", "I'm not"))
-
-
-
- print("{0}{1}".format("The amount due is $", 200))
-
- x = "three"
- s = "{0}{1}{2}"
- s = s.format("The", x, "tops")
- print(s)
-
- print("{who} turned {age} this year".format(who = "She", age = 88))
-
- print("The {who} was {0} last week".format(12, who = "boy"))
-
-
-
- stock = ["paper", "envelopes", "notepads", "pens", "paper clips"]
- print("We have {0[1]} and {0[2]} in stock".format(stock))
-
-
- d = dict(animal = "elephant", weight = 12000)
- print("The {0[animal]} weighs {0[weight]}kg".format(d))
-
-
- import math, sys
- print("math.pi=={0.pi} sys.maxunicode=={1.maxunicode}".format(math, sys))
-
-
-
- print("{} {} {}".format("Python", "can", "count"))
-
-
-
-
-
- element = "Sliver"
- number = 47
- print("Element {number} is {element}".format(**locals()))
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- >>> import decimal
- >>> decimal.Decimal("3.4084")
- Decimal('3.4084')
- >>> print(decimal.Decimal("3.4084"))
- 3.4084
-
-
-
-
- >>> import sys
- >>> sys
- <module 'sys' (built-in)>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- print("{0} {0!s} {0!r} {0!a}".format(decimal.Decimal("93.4")))
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- >>> s = "The sword of truth"
- >>> "{0}".format(s)
- 'The sword of truth'
- >>> "{0:25}".format(s)
- 'The sword of truth '
- >>> "{0}".format(s)
- 'The sword of truth'
- >>> "{0:25}".format(s)
- 'The sword of truth '
- >>> "{0:>25}".format(s)
- ' The sword of truth'
- >>> "{0:^25}".format(s)
- ' The sword of truth '
- >>> "{0:-^25}".format(s)
- '---The sword of truth----'
- >>> "{0:.<25}".format(s)
- 'The sword of truth.......'
- >>> "{0:.10}".format(s)
- 'The sword '
-
- >>> maxwidth = 12
- >>> "{0}".format(s[:maxwidth])
- 'The sword of'
- >>> "{0:.{1}}".format(s, maxwidth)
- 'The sword of'
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- >>> "{0:0=12}".format(8749203)
- '000008749203'
- >>> "{0:0=12}".format(-8749203)
- '-00008749203'
- >>> "{0:012}".format(8749203)
- '000008749203'
- >>> "{0:012}".format(-8749203)
- '-00008749203'
-
- >>> "{0:*<15}".format(18340427)
- '18340427*******'
- >>> "{0:*>15}".format(18340427)
- '*******18340427'
- >>> "{0:*^15}".format(18340427)
- '***18340427****'
- >>> "{0:*^15}".format(-18340427)
- '***-18340427***'
-
- >>> "[{0: }] [{1: }]".format(539802, -539802)
- '[ 539802] [-539802]'
- >>> "[{0:+}] [{1:+}]".format(539802, -539802)
- '[+539802] [-539802]'
- >>> "[{0:-}] [{1:-}]".format(539802, -539802)
- '[539802] [-539802]'
- >>> "[{0:*^-15}] [{1:*^-15}]".format(539802, -539802)
- '[****539802*****] [****-539802****]'
-
- "{0:b} {0:o} {0:x} {0:X}".format(14613198)
- '110111101111101011001110 67575316 deface DEFACE'
- >>> "{0:#b} {0:#o} {0:#x} {0:#X}".format(14613198)
- '0b110111101111101011001110 0o67575316 0xdeface 0XDEFACE'
-
-
-
- >>> "{0:,} {0:*>13,}".format(int(2.39432185e6))
- '2,394,321 ****2,394,321'
-
-
-
-
-
- import locale
- locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, "") #"Chinese_People's Republic of China.936"
- x, y = (1234567890, 1234.56)
- c = "{0:n} {1:n}".format(x, y)
- print(c)
- locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, "C")
- c = "{0:n} {1:n}".format(x, y)
- print(c)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- >>> import math
- >>> amount = ( 10 ** 3) * math.pi
- >>> print("[{0:12.2e}] [{0:12.2f}]".format(amount))
- [ 3.14e+03] [ 3141.59]
- >>> print("[{0:*>12.2e}] [{0:*>12.2f}]".format(amount))
- [****3.14e+03] [*****3141.59]
- >>> print("[{0:*>+12.2e}] [{0:*>+12.2f}]".format(amount))
- [***+3.14e+03] [****+3141.59]
-
-
-
- >>> import decimal
- >>> "{:,.6f}".format(decimal.Decimal("1234567890.1234567890"))
- '1,234,567,890.123457'
- >>> "{:,.6}".format(decimal.Decimal("1234567890.1234567890"))
- '1.23457E+9'
-
-
- >>> "{0.real:.3f}{0.imag:+.3f}j".format(4.75917+1.2042j)
- '4.759+1.204j'
- >>> "{0.real:.3f}{0.imag:+.3f}j".format(4.75917-1.2042j)
- '4.759-1.204j'