LinuxTV的媒体编程规范中关于v4l2操作视频设备的一个例子 摘录

最新推荐文章于 2021-05-06 17:18:10 发布
最新推荐文章于 2021-05-06 17:18:10 发布
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文章标签： v4l2 linux camera video

几个学习参考过得帖子

http://www.cnblogs.com/emouse/archive/2013/03/04/2943243.html

https://www.cnblogs.com/lidp/articles/1695223.html

http://www.cnblogs.com/surpassal/archive/2012/12/19/zed_webcam_lab1.html

/*
* V4L2 video capture example
*
* This program can be used and distributed without restrictions.
*
* This program is provided with the V4L2 API
* see https://linuxtv.org/docs.php for more information
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <getopt.h> /* getopt_long() */
#include <fcntl.h> /* low-level i/o */
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <linux/videodev2.h>
#define CLEAR(x) memset(&(x), 0, sizeof(x))
enum io_method
{
    IO_METHOD_READ,
    IO_METHOD_MMAP,
    IO_METHOD_USERPTR,
};
struct buffer
{
    void *start;
    size_t length;
};
static char *dev_name;
static enum io_method io = IO_METHOD_MMAP;
static int fd = -1;
struct buffer *buffers;
static unsigned int n_buffers;
static int out_buf;
static int force_format;
static int frame_count = 70;
static void errno_exit(const char *s)
{
    fprintf(stderr, "%s error %d, %s\\n", s, errno, strerror(errno));
    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
static int xioctl(int fh, int request, void *arg)
{
    int r;
    do
    {
        r = ioctl(fh, request, arg);
    }
    while (-1 == r && EINTR == errno);
    return r;
}
static void process_image(const void *p, int size)
{
    if (out_buf)
        fwrite(p, size, 1, stdout);
    fflush(stderr);
    fprintf(stderr, ".");
    fflush(stdout);
}
static int read_frame(void)
{
    struct v4l2_buffer buf;
    unsigned int i;
    switch (io)
    {
    case IO_METHOD_READ:
        if (-1 == read(fd, buffers[0].start, buffers[0].length))
        {
            switch (errno)
            {
            case EAGAIN:
                return 0;
            case EIO:
            /* Could ignore EIO, see spec. */
            /* fall through */
            default:
                errno_exit("read");
            }
        }
        process_image(buffers[0].start, buffers[0].length);
        break;
    case IO_METHOD_MMAP:
        CLEAR(buf);
        buf.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
        buf.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP;
        if (-1 == xioctl(fd, VIDIOC_DQBUF, &buf))
        {
            switch (errno)
            {
            case EAGAIN:
                return 0;
            case EIO:
            /* Could ignore EIO, see spec. */
            /* fall through */
            default:
                errno_exit("VIDIOC_DQBUF");
            }
        }
        assert(buf.index < n_buffers);
        process_image(buffers[buf.index].start, buf.bytesused);
        if (-1 == xioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QBUF, &buf))
            errno_exit("VIDIOC_QBUF");
        break;
    case IO_METHOD_USERPTR:
        CLEAR(buf);
        buf.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
        buf.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_USERPTR;
        if (-1 == xioctl(fd, VIDIOC_DQBUF, &buf))
        {
            switch (errno)
            {
            case EAGAIN:
                return 0;
            case EIO:
            /* Could ignore EIO, see spec. */
            /* fall through */
            default:
                errno_exit("VIDIOC_DQBUF");
            }
        }
        for (i = 0; i < n_buffers; ++i)
            if (buf.m.userptr == (unsigned long)buffers[i].start
                    && buf.length == buffers[i].length)
                break;
        assert(i < n_buffers);
        process_image((void *)buf.m.userptr, buf.bytesused);
        if (-1 == xioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QBUF, &buf))
            errno_exit("VIDIOC_QBUF");
        break;
    }
    return 1;
}
static void mainloop(void)
{
    unsigned int count;
    count = frame_count;
    while (count-- > 0)
    {
        for (;;)
        {
            fd_set fds;
            struct timeval tv;
            int r;
            FD_ZERO(&fds);
            FD_SET(fd, &fds);
            /* Timeout. */
            tv.tv_sec = 2;
            tv.tv_usec = 0;
            r = select(fd + 1, &fds, NULL, NULL, &tv);
            if (-1 == r)
            {
                if (EINTR == errno)
                    continue;
                errno_exit("select");
            }
            if (0 == r)
            {
                fprintf(stderr, "select timeout\\n");
                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
            }
            if (read_frame())
                break;
            /* EAGAIN - continue select loop. */
        }
    }
}
static void stop_capturing(void)
{
    enum v4l2_buf_type type;
    switch (io)
    {
    case IO_METHOD_READ:
        /* Nothing to do. */
        break;
    case IO_METHOD_MMAP:
    case IO_METHOD_USERPTR:
        type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
        if (-1 == xioctl(fd, VIDIOC_STREAMOFF, &type))
            errno_exit("VIDIOC_STREAMOFF");
        break;
    }
}
static void start_capturing(void)
{
    unsigned int i;
    enum v4l2_buf_type type;
    switch (io)
    {
    case IO_METHOD_READ:
        /* Nothing to do. */
        break;
    case IO_METHOD_MMAP:
        for (i = 0; i < n_buffers; ++i)
        {
            struct v4l2_buffer buf;
            CLEAR(buf);
            buf.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
            buf.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP;
            buf.index = i;
            if (-1 == xioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QBUF, &buf))
                errno_exit("VIDIOC_QBUF");
        }
        type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
        if (-1 == xioctl(fd, VIDIOC_STREAMON, &type))
            errno_exit("VIDIOC_STREAMON");
        break;
    case IO_METHOD_USERPTR:
        for (i = 0; i < n_buffers; ++i)
        {
            struct v4l2_buffer buf;
            CLEAR(buf);
            buf.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
            buf.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_USERPTR;
            buf.index = i;
            buf.m.userptr = (unsigned long)buffers[i].start;
            buf.length = buffers[i].length;
            if (-1 == xioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QBUF, &buf))
                errno_exit("VIDIOC_QBUF");
        }
        type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
        if (-1 == xioctl(fd, VIDIOC_STREAMON, &type))
            errno_exit("VIDIOC_STREAMON");
        break;
    }
}
static void uninit_device(void)
{
    unsigned int i;
    switch (io)
    {
    case IO_METHOD_READ:
        free(buffers[0].start);
        break;
    case IO_METHOD_MMAP:
        for (i = 0; i < n_buffers; ++i)
            if (-1 == munmap(buffers[i].start, buffers[i].length))
                errno_exit("munmap");
        break;
    case IO_METHOD_USERPTR:
        for (i = 0; i < n_buffers; ++i)
            free(buffers[i].start);
        break;
    }
    free(buffers);
}
static void init_read(unsigned int buffer_size)
{
    buffers = calloc(1, sizeof(*buffers));
    if (!buffers)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "Out of memory\\n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    buffers[0].length = buffer_size;
    buffers[0].start = malloc(buffer_size);
    if (!buffers[0].start)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "Out of memory\\n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
}
static void init_mmap(void)
{
    struct v4l2_requestbuffers req;
    CLEAR(req);
    req.count = 4;
    req.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
    req.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP;
    if (-1 == xioctl(fd, VIDIOC_REQBUFS, &req))
    {
        if (EINVAL == errno)
        {
            fprintf(stderr, "%s does not support "
                    "memory mappingn", dev_name);
            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }
        else
        {
            errno_exit("VIDIOC_REQBUFS");
        }
    }
    if (req.count < 2)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "Insufficient buffer memory on %s\\n",
                dev_name);
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    buffers = calloc(req.count, sizeof(*buffers));
    if (!buffers)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "Out of memory\\n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    for (n_buffers = 0; n_buffers < req.count; ++n_buffers)
    {
        struct v4l2_buffer buf;
        CLEAR(buf);
        buf.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
        buf.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP;
        buf.index = n_buffers;
        if (-1 == xioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QUERYBUF, &buf))
            errno_exit("VIDIOC_QUERYBUF");
        buffers[n_buffers].length = buf.length;
        buffers[n_buffers].start =
            mmap(NULL /* start anywhere */,
                 buf.length,
                 PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE /* required */,
                 MAP_SHARED /* recommended */,
                 fd, buf.m.offset);
        if (MAP_FAILED == buffers[n_buffers].start)
            errno_exit("mmap");
    }
}
static void init_userp(unsigned int buffer_size)
{
    struct v4l2_requestbuffers req;
    CLEAR(req);
    req.count = 4;
    req.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
    req.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_USERPTR;
    if (-1 == xioctl(fd, VIDIOC_REQBUFS, &req))
    {
        if (EINVAL == errno)
        {
            fprintf(stderr, "%s does not support "
                    "user pointer i/on", dev_name);
            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }
        else
        {
            errno_exit("VIDIOC_REQBUFS");
        }
    }
    buffers = calloc(4, sizeof(*buffers));
    if (!buffers)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "Out of memory\\n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    for (n_buffers = 0; n_buffers < 4; ++n_buffers)
    {
        buffers[n_buffers].length = buffer_size;
        buffers[n_buffers].start = malloc(buffer_size);
        if (!buffers[n_buffers].start)
        {
            fprintf(stderr, "Out of memory\\n");
            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }
    }
}
static void init_device(void)
{
    struct v4l2_capability cap;
    struct v4l2_cropcap cropcap;
    struct v4l2_crop crop;
    struct v4l2_format fmt;
    unsigned int min;
    if (-1 == xioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QUERYCAP, &cap))
    {
        if (EINVAL == errno)
        {
            fprintf(stderr, "%s is no V4L2 device\\n",
                    dev_name);
            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }
        else
        {
            errno_exit("VIDIOC_QUERYCAP");
        }
    }
    if (!(cap.capabilities & V4L2_CAP_VIDEO_CAPTURE))
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "%s is no video capture device\\n",
                dev_name);
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    switch (io)
    {
    case IO_METHOD_READ:
        if (!(cap.capabilities & V4L2_CAP_READWRITE))
        {
            fprintf(stderr, "%s does not support read i/o\\n",
                    dev_name);
            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }
        break;
    case IO_METHOD_MMAP:
    case IO_METHOD_USERPTR:
        if (!(cap.capabilities & V4L2_CAP_STREAMING))
        {
            fprintf(stderr, "%s does not support streaming i/o\\n",
                    dev_name);
            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }
        break;
    }
    /* Select video input, video standard and tune here. */
    CLEAR(cropcap);
    cropcap.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
    if (0 == xioctl(fd, VIDIOC_CROPCAP, &cropcap))
    {
        crop.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
        crop.c = cropcap.defrect; /* reset to default */
        if (-1 == xioctl(fd, VIDIOC_S_CROP, &crop))
        {
            switch (errno)
            {
            case EINVAL:
                /* Cropping not supported. */
                break;
            default:
                /* Errors ignored. */
                break;
            }
        }
    }
    else
    {
        /* Errors ignored. */
    }
    CLEAR(fmt);
    fmt.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
    if (force_format)
    {
        fmt.fmt.pix.width = 640;
        fmt.fmt.pix.height = 480;
        fmt.fmt.pix.pixelformat = V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUYV;
        fmt.fmt.pix.field = V4L2_FIELD_INTERLACED;
        if (-1 == xioctl(fd, VIDIOC_S_FMT, &fmt))
            errno_exit("VIDIOC_S_FMT");
        /* Note VIDIOC_S_FMT may change width and height. */
    }
    else
    {
        /* Preserve original settings as set by v4l2-ctl for example */
        if (-1 == xioctl(fd, VIDIOC_G_FMT, &fmt))
            errno_exit("VIDIOC_G_FMT");
    }
    /* Buggy driver paranoia. */
    min = fmt.fmt.pix.width * 2;
    if (fmt.fmt.pix.bytesperline < min)
        fmt.fmt.pix.bytesperline = min;
    min = fmt.fmt.pix.bytesperline * fmt.fmt.pix.height;
    if (fmt.fmt.pix.sizeimage < min)
        fmt.fmt.pix.sizeimage = min;
    switch (io)
    {
    case IO_METHOD_READ:
        init_read(fmt.fmt.pix.sizeimage);
        break;
    case IO_METHOD_MMAP:
        init_mmap();
        break;
    case IO_METHOD_USERPTR:
        init_userp(fmt.fmt.pix.sizeimage);
        break;
    }
}
static void close_device(void)
{
    if (-1 == close(fd))
        errno_exit("close");
    fd = -1;
}
static void open_device(void)
{
    struct stat st;
    if (-1 == stat(dev_name, &st))
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "Cannot identify '%s': %d, %s\\n",
                dev_name, errno, strerror(errno));
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    if (!S_ISCHR(st.st_mode))
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "%s is no devicen", dev_name);
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    fd = open(dev_name, O_RDWR /* required */ | O_NONBLOCK, 0);
    if (-1 == fd)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "Cannot open '%s': %d, %s\\n",
                dev_name, errno, strerror(errno));
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
}
static void usage(FILE *fp, int argc, char **argv)
{
    fprintf(fp,
            "Usage: %s [options]\\n\\n"
            "Version 1.3\\n"
            "Options:\\n"
            "-d | --device name Video device name [%s]n"
            "-h | --help Print this messagen"
            "-m | --mmap Use memory mapped buffers [default]n"
            "-r | --read Use read() callsn"
            "-u | --userp Use application allocated buffersn"
            "-o | --output Outputs stream to stdoutn"
            "-f | --format Force format to 640x480 YUYVn"
            "-c | --count Number of frames to grab [%i]n"
            "",
            argv[0], dev_name, frame_count);
}
static const char short_options[] = "d:hmruofc:";
static const struct option
    long_options[] =
{
    { "device", required_argument, NULL, 'd' },
    { "help", no_argument, NULL, 'h' },
    { "mmap", no_argument, NULL, 'm' },
    { "read", no_argument, NULL, 'r' },
    { "userp", no_argument, NULL, 'u' },
    { "output", no_argument, NULL, 'o' },
    { "format", no_argument, NULL, 'f' },
    { "count", required_argument, NULL, 'c' },
    { 0, 0, 0, 0 }
};
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    dev_name = "/dev/video0";
    for (;;)
    {
        int idx;
        int c;
        c = getopt_long(argc, argv,
                        short_options, long_options, &idx);
        if (-1 == c)
            break;
        switch (c)
        {
        case 0: /* getopt_long() flag */
            break;
        case 'd':
            dev_name = optarg;
            break;
        case 'h':
            usage(stdout, argc, argv);
            exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
        case 'm':
            io = IO_METHOD_MMAP;
            break;
        case 'r':
            io = IO_METHOD_READ;
            break;
        case 'u':
            io = IO_METHOD_USERPTR;
            break;
        case 'o':
            out_buf++;
            break;
        case 'f':
            force_format++;
            break;
        case 'c':
            errno = 0;
            frame_count = strtol(optarg, NULL, 0);
            if (errno)
                errno_exit(optarg);
            break;
        default:
            usage(stderr, argc, argv);
            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }
    }
    open_device();
    init_device();
    start_capturing();
    mainloop();
    stop_capturing();
    uninit_device();
    close_device();
    fprintf(stderr, "\\n");
    return 0;
}

 

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