Oracle学习笔记<<1>>

[color=darkblue][size=large] [b] Oracle 体系结构[/b][/size][/color]
[color=red][b]Oracle Server[/b][/color]
Is a database management system that provides an open, comprehensive, integrated approach to information management
Consists of an Oracle instance and an Oracle Database
简单来说即 数据库管理软件.由oralce实例和数据库组成.


[color=red][b]Oracle Structures[/b][/color]
体系结构分为两部分:一部分是instance(实例),一部分是Database(数据库).
实例:
1.SGA(包括Share Pool,Database Buffer Cache,Redo Log Buffer,Java Pool,Large Pool).
2.后台进程(包括PMON,SMON,DBWR,LGWR,CKPT等) Oracle Server:
3.PGA(server process 启动后形成PGA)
文件:
1.数据文件(Data Files)
2.控制文件(Control Files)
3.重做日志文件(Redo log Files)


[color=red][b]Oracle instance[/b][/color]
Is a means to access an Oracle Database.
Always open one and only on database.
Consists of memory and backgrou process structures
是访问oracle数据库的一种手段,一个实例只能访问一个数据库，但是一个数 据 库可能有多个实例（RAC情况下）,实例是由内存块和后台进程组成
[b]Memory Structure[/b]
Is consists of two memory areas known as :
System Global Area(SGA) :allocated at instance start up ,and is a fundamental component of an oracle instance
Program Global Area(PGA):allocated with when the server process is started.
内存结构包括SGA,PGA. SGA在实例启动被创建,是oracle实例最基本的组成.PGA在server process启动的时候被创建.


[color=red][b]Connecting to an Oracle instance[/b][/color]
Establishing a user connection
Oracle 客户端和后台服务器的进程建立的连接
注:
Process background process(专注于数据库的核心进程)
Server process(处理客户端和服务器的进程)
User process(和servcer process 建立连接，即为connecting)
Create a session
建立对身份等进行验证后连接后，形成会话(session).连接断开，session失效。


[color=red][b]An Oracle Database[/b][/color]
Is a collection of data that is treated as a unit
Consists of three file types
[b]Physical structure :[/b]
1.Data files：数据文件.(dbf)
2.Control files：控制文件(.ctl)
3.Redo Log files：重做日志文件，记录数据库改变。用于恢复数据文件。(.log)
[b]Ohers:[/b]
1.Archived Log files：归档文件，Redo Log files写满后，会写入Archived Log files里(开启归档后)
2.Parameter file：参数文件.
3.Password file：密码文件。客户端连接到数据库系统的存储口令