Java反射机制应用

罗列一下反射机制的一些应用，具体理论以后整理吧。。

1.利用反射机制分析类的能力

import java.util.*;
import java.lang.reflect.*;

public class ReflectionTest {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		String name;
		Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
		System.out.println("Entern class name (e.g. java.util.Data):");
		name = in.next();
		
		try {
			//print class name and superclass name(if != Object)
			Class cl = Class.forName(name);
			Class supercl = cl.getSuperclass();
			String modifiers = Modifier.toString(cl.getModifiers());
			if (modifiers.length() > 0) 
				System.out.print(modifiers + " ");
			System.out.print("class " + name);
			if (supercl != null && supercl != Object.class)
				System.out.print(" extends " + supercl.getName());
			
			System.out.println("\n{\n");
			printConstructors(cl);
			System.out.println();
			printMethods(cl);
			System.out.println();
			printFields(cl);
			System.out.println("}");
		} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * prints all constructors of a class
	 * @param cl a class
	 */
	public static void printConstructors(Class cl) {
		Constructor[] constructors = cl.getDeclaredConstructors();
		for(Constructor c: constructors) {
			String name = c.getName();
			System.out.print("    ");
			String modifiers = Modifier.toString(c.getModifiers());
			if (modifiers.length() > 0) 
				System.out.print(modifiers + " ");
			System.out.print(name + "(");
			
			//print parameter types
			Class[] paramTypes = c.getParameterTypes();
			for (int j = 0; j < paramTypes.length; j++) {
				if (j > 0)
					System.out.print(", ");
				System.out.print(paramTypes[j].getName());
			}
			System.out.println(");");
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * prints all methods of a class
	 * @param cl a class
	 */
	public static void printMethods(Class cl) {
		Method[] methods = cl.getDeclaredMethods();
		for (Method m: methods) {
			Class retType = m.getReturnType();
			String name = m.getName();
			
			System.out.print("    ");
			//print modifiers,return type and method name
			String modifiers = Modifier.toString(m.getModifiers());
			if (modifiers.length() > 0) 
				System.out.print(modifiers + " ");
			System.out.print(retType.getName() + " " + name + "(");
			
			//print parameter types
			Class[] paramTypes = m.getParameterTypes();
			for (int j = 0; j < paramTypes.length; j++) {
				if (j > 0)
					System.out.println(", ");
				System.out.print(paramTypes[j].getName());
			}
			System.out.println(");");
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * print all fields of a class
	 * @param cl a class
	 */
	public static void printFields(Class cl) {
		Field[] fields = cl.getDeclaredFields();
		
		for (Field f: fields) {
			Class type = f.getType();
			String name = f.getName();
			System.out.println("    ");
			String modifiers = Modifier.toString(f.getModifiers());
			if (modifiers.length() > 0)
				System.out.print(modifiers + " ");
			System.out.println(type.getName() + " " + name + ";");
		}
	}
}

2.在运行时使用反射分析对象

import java.lang.reflect.AccessibleObject;
import java.lang.reflect.Array;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
import java.util.ArrayList;

public class ObjectAnalyzer {
	private ArrayList<Object> visited = new ArrayList<>();
	
	/**
	 * Convert an object to String representation that lists all fields
	 * @param obj an object
	 * @return a string with the object's class name and all field names and
	 * values
	 */
	public String toString(Object obj) {
		if (obj == null) return null;
		if (visited.contains(obj)) return "...";
		visited.add(obj);
		Class cl  = obj.getClass();
		if (cl == String.class) return (String) obj;
		if (cl.isArray()) {
			String r = cl.getComponentType() + "[]{";
			for (int i = 0; i < Array.getLength(obj); i++) {
				if (i > 0) r += ",";
				Object val = Array.get(obj,i);
				if (cl.getComponentType().isPrimitive()) r += val;
				else r += toString(val);//递归调用
			}
			return r + "}";
		}
		
		String r = cl.getName();
		//inspect the fields of this class and all superclasses
		do {
			r += "[";
			Field[] fields = cl.getDeclaredFields();
			AccessibleObject.setAccessible(fields, true);
			//get the names and values of all fields
			for (Field f: fields) {
				if (!Modifier.isStatic(f.getModifiers())) {
					if (!r.endsWith("[")) r += ",";
					r += f.getName() + "=";
					try {
						Class t = f.getType();
						Object val = f.get(obj);
						if (t.isPrimitive()) r += val;
						else r += toString(val);
					} catch (Exception e) {
						e.printStackTrace();
					}
				}
			}
			r += "]";
			cl = cl.getSuperclass();
		} while (cl != null);
		return r;
	}
}

import java.util.ArrayList;

public class ObjectAnalyzerTest {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		ArrayList<Integer> squares = new ArrayList<>();
		for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
			squares.add(i * i);
		}
		System.out.println(new ObjectAnalyzer().toString(squares));
	}
}

3.使用反射编写泛型数组代码

import java.lang.reflect.*;
import java.util.*;

/**
 * Reflection for manipulating array
 * @author corejava
 */
public class GenericArray {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		int[] a = {1,2,3};
		a = (int[]) goodCopyOf(a,10);
		System.out.println(Arrays.toString(a));
		
		String[] b = {"cat","dog","fish"};
		b = (String[]) goodCopyOf(b,10);
		System.out.println(Arrays.toString(b));
		
		System.out.println("The following call will generate an exception.");
		//b = (String[]) badCopyOf(b,10);
	}
	
	/**
	 * This method attempts to grow an array by allocating a new array and copying all elements.
	 * @param a the array to grow
	 * @param newLength the new length
	 * @return a  larger array that contains all elements of a. However, the returned array has
	 * type Object[], not the same type as a.
	 */
	public static Object[] badCopyOf(Object[] a, int newLength) {
		Object[] newArray = new Object[newLength];
		System.arraycopy(a, 0, newArray, 0, Math.min(a.length, newLength));
		return newArray;
	}
	
	/**
	 * This method grows an array by allocating a new array of the same type and copying all elements.
	 * @param a the array to grow. This can be an object array or a primitive type array.
	 * @param newLength the new length
	 * @return a  larger array that contains all elements of a.
	 */
	public static Object goodCopyOf(Object a, int newLength) {
		Class cl = a.getClass();
		if (!cl.isArray()) return null;
		Class componentType = cl.getComponentType();
		int length = Array.getLength(a);
		Object newArray = Array.newInstance(componentType, newLength);
		System.arraycopy(a, 0, newArray, 0, Math.min(length, newLength));
		return newArray;
	}
}