python_matplotlib DAY_22(1)注释，图例，填充

学习内容
matplotlib的注释操作
重点
1.注释plt.annotate

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

a = np.arange(-10, 10, 0.1)
b = a ** 2
plt.plot(a, b)
plt.annotate("this is bottom", xy=(0, 1), xytext=(-1.87, 20),
             arrowprops=dict(facecolor='b',
                             headwidth=15, width=10))
#标题的文本，点头所指的位置，文本的位置，arrowprops是更改指针的数据
plt.show()

2文本plt.text()

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

a = np.arange(-10, 10, 0.1)
b = a ** 2
plt.plot(a, b)
plt.annotate("this is bottom", xy=(0, 1), xytext=(-1.87, 20),
             arrowprops=dict(facecolor='b',
                             headwidth=15, width=10))
plt.text(-3.5,40,'function:y=x²',family='serif',size=20,color='r',
         style='italic',weight=20,
         bbox=dict(facecolor='r',alpha=0.2))
#坐标位置，显示内容，字体格式，字体大小，颜色，字体风格，字体类型，背景设置（颜色，透明度）
plt.show()

3.Tex公式（数学公式）

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(1, 1, 1)
ax.set_xlim([-5, 5])
ax.set_ylim([-3, 3])
ax.text(-4,2,r'$\alpha_i\beta_j\lambda\omega$',
        size=30,family='serif')
ax.text(-4,-2,r'$\sin(0)=\cos(\frac{\pi}{2})$',size=20,
        family='serif')
ax.text(0.5,2,r'$\lim_{x\rightarrow y}\frac{1}{x^3}$',size=20,
        family='serif')
ax.text(0.5,-2,r'$\sqrt[4]{x}=\sqrt{y}$',size=20,
        family='serif')
plt.show()

4.填充颜色fill，fill.between

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

a=np.arange(-np.pi,np.pi,0.01)
b1=np.sin(a)
b2=np.sin(2*a)
plt.fill(a,b1,'r',alpha=0.3)#填充
plt.fill(a,b2,'b',alpha=0.3)#填充
plt.show()

fill_between

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

a=np.arange(-np.pi,np.pi,0.01)
b1=np.sin(a)
b2=np.sin(2*a)
fig=plt.figure()
ax=fig.add_subplot(1,1,1)
ax.plot(a,b1,'r')
ax.plot(a,b2,'b')
ax.fill_between(a,b1,b2,where=b1>=b2,facecolor='y',interpolate=True)
ax.fill_between(a,b1,b2,where=b2>=b1,facecolor='G',interpolate=True)
plt.show()