7.1-spring 动态 AOP

最新推荐文章于 2025-04-14 18:58:40 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2025-04-14 18:58:40 发布

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分类专栏： spring-framework 文章标签： aop

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本文详细介绍了Spring的AOP（面向切面编程）概念，包括核心组件、使用场景、术语解释及实际示例。通过示例展示了如何配置AOP，定义切点、通知，以及在测试中观察AOP的运行效果，帮助读者深入理解并应用Spring AOP。

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spring 动态 AOP

AOP（Aspect Oriented Programming） 即面向切面编程，不同于
OOP（Object Oriented Programming） 面向对象编程，AOP关注的方向是横向的，而OOP关注的方向是纵向的，spring AOP是spring关键组件之一，它是AOP概念的具体实现方案，是对spring IOC 的补充，但是spring IOC不依赖spring AOP。

spring AOP 使用场景

Authentication 权限
Caching 缓存
Context passing 内容传递
Error handling 错误处理
Lazy loading 懒加载
Debugging 调试
logging, tracing, profiling and monitoring　记录跟踪　优化　校准
Performance optimization　性能优化
Persistence　　持久化
Resource pooling　资源池
Synchronization　同步
Transactions 事务

AOP 术语

Join point（连接点）：具体拦截的对象，一般是指具体的某个方法
Pointcut （切点）：可以理解成连接点的集合，比方A类的test方法和B类的test方法，一般通过正则规则匹配
Advice（通知）：指aop对连接点采取的动作类型，分为前置通知（before advice）、后置通知（after advice）、环绕通知（around advice）、事后返回通知（afterReturning advice）和异常通知（afterThrowing advice）
Target object（目标对象）：即被代理的对象
Introduction（引入）：是指新引入的类和其方法，增强现有bean的功能
Weaving （织入）：是指通过动态代理技术，为原有对象生成代理对象，然后拦截定义的切点，并且执行各类通知的过程
Aspect （切面）：是一个可以定义切点、各类通知和引入的内容，即对以上内容的具体实现

spring AOP 使用示例

① 引入spring-aop 和 spring-aspects依赖

 <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-aop -->
<dependency>
     <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
     <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
     <version>5.0.0.RELEASE</version>
 </dependency>

 <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-aspects -->
 <dependency>
     <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
     <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
     <version>5.0.0.RELEASE</version>
 </dependency>

② 定义需要拦截的bean

package com.springtest.model;

public class AopTestBean {

    public void printStr(String str) {
        if (str == null) {
            throw new RuntimeException("str 为空！");
        }
        System.out.println("com.springtest.model.AopTestBean 输出: " + str);
    }
}

③ 定义切面（其中包括切点，通知等）

package com.springtest.aop;

import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.*;

@Aspect
public class AspectJTest {

    //切点
    @Pointcut("execution(* *.printStr(..))")
    public void printStr() {
    }

    //前置通知
    @Before("printStr()")
    public void beforePrintStr() {
        System.out.println("beforePrintStr");
    }

    //后置通知
    @After("printStr()")
    public void afterPrintStr() {
        System.out.println("afterPrintStr");
    }

    //环绕通知
    @Around("printStr()")
    public Object aroundPrintStr(ProceedingJoinPoint p) throws Throwable {
        System.out.println("aroundPrintStr start");
        Object o = p.proceed();
        System.out.println("aroundPrintStr end");
        return o;
    }

    //返回通知
    @AfterReturning("printStr()")
    public void afterReturningPrintStr() {
        System.out.println("afterReturningPrintStr");
    }

    //异常通知
    @AfterThrowing("printStr()")
    public void afterThrowingPrintStr() {
        System.out.println("afterThrowingPrintStr");
    }
}

④ 在配置文件中启用aop，以及在容器中初始化测试bean和切面
aop-test.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop https://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">

    <aop:aspectj-autoproxy/>

    <bean id="aopTestBean" class="com.springtest.model.AopTestBean"></bean>
    <bean class="com.springtest.aop.AspectJTest"></bean>
</beans>

⑤ 编写测试类

import com.springtest.model.AopTestBean;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class SpringXmlContextTest {

    @Test
    public void aopTest() {
        ClassPathXmlApplicationContext classPathXmlApplicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("aop-test.xml");
        AopTestBean aopTestBean = (AopTestBean) classPathXmlApplicationContext.getBean("aopTestBean");
        aopTestBean.printStr("天气晴朗");
        System.out.println("----------------------------------------------");
        aopTestBean.printStr(null);
    }

}

测试结果如下：

"C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\bin\java.exe" -agentlib:jdwp=transport=dt_socket,address=127.0.0.1:6431,suspend=y,server=n -ea -Didea.test.cyclic.buffer.size=1048576 -javaagent:C:\Users\Administrator\.IntelliJIdea2019.1\system\captureAgent\debugger-agent.jar -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath "C:\Program Files\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA 2019.1\lib\idea_rt.jar;C:\Program Files\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA 2019.1\plugins\junit\lib\junit-rt.jar;C:\Program Files\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA 2019.1\plugins\junit\lib\junit5-rt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre\lib\charsets.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre\lib\deploy.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre\lib\ext\access-bridge-64.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre\lib\ext\cldrdata.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre\lib\ext\dnsns.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre\lib\ext\jaccess.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre\lib\ext\jfxrt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre\lib\ext\localedata.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre\lib\ext\nashorn.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre\lib\ext\sunec.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre\lib\ext\sunjce_provider.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre\lib\ext\sunmscapi.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre\lib\ext\sunpkcs11.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre\lib\ext\zipfs.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre\lib\javaws.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre\lib\jce.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre\lib\jfr.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre\lib\jfxswt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre\lib\jsse.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre\lib\management-agent.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre\lib\plugin.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre\lib\resources.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre\lib\rt.jar;D:\workspace\spring-test-ws\beaninit\target\test-classes;D:\workspace\spring-test-ws\beaninit\target\classes;D:\m2\repository\org\springframework\spring-core\5.0.0.RELEASE\spring-core-5.0.0.RELEASE.jar;D:\m2\repository\org\springframework\spring-jcl\5.0.0.RELEASE\spring-jcl-5.0.0.RELEASE.jar;D:\m2\repository\org\springframework\spring-context\5.0.0.RELEASE\spring-context-5.0.0.RELEASE.jar;D:\m2\repository\org\springframework\spring-beans\5.0.0.RELEASE\spring-beans-5.0.0.RELEASE.jar;D:\m2\repository\org\springframework\spring-expression\5.0.0.RELEASE\spring-expression-5.0.0.RELEASE.jar;D:\m2\repository\org\springframework\spring-aop\5.0.0.RELEASE\spring-aop-5.0.0.RELEASE.jar;D:\m2\repository\org\springframework\spring-aspects\5.0.0.RELEASE\spring-aspects-5.0.0.RELEASE.jar;D:\m2\repository\org\aspectj\aspectjweaver\1.8.11\aspectjweaver-1.8.11.jar;D:\m2\repository\junit\junit\4.12\junit-4.12.jar;D:\m2\repository\org\hamcrest\hamcrest-core\1.3\hamcrest-core-1.3.jar" com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter -ideVersion5 -junit4 SpringXmlContextTest,aopTest
Connected to the target VM, address: '127.0.0.1:6431', transport: 'socket'
五月 05, 2021 5:12:11 下午 org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext prepareRefresh
信息: Refreshing org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@6dde5c8c: startup date [Wed May 05 17:12:11 CST 2021]; root of context hierarchy
五月 05, 2021 5:12:11 下午 org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader loadBeanDefinitions
信息: Loading XML bean definitions from class path resource [aop-test.xml]
aroundPrintStr start
beforePrintStr
com.springtest.model.AopTestBean 输出: 天气晴朗
aroundPrintStr end
afterPrintStr
afterReturningPrintStr
----------------------------------------------
aroundPrintStr start
beforePrintStr
afterPrintStr
afterThrowingPrintStr

java.lang.RuntimeException: str 为空！

	at com.springtest.model.AopTestBean.printStr(AopTestBean.java:7)
	at com.springtest.model.AopTestBean$$FastClassBySpringCGLIB$$13686d5d.invoke(<generated>)
	at org.springframework.cglib.proxy.MethodProxy.invoke(MethodProxy.java:204)
	at org.springframework.aop.framework.CglibAopProxy$CglibMethodInvocation.invokeJoinpoint(CglibAopProxy.java:747)
	at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:163)
	at org.springframework.aop.framework.adapter.MethodBeforeAdviceInterceptor.invoke(MethodBeforeAdviceInterceptor.java:52)
	at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:185)
	at org.springframework.aop.aspectj.MethodInvocationProceedingJoinPoint.proceed(MethodInvocationProceedingJoinPoint.java:89)
	at com.springtest.aop.AspectJTest.aroundPrintStr(AspectJTest.java:26)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
	at org.springframework.aop.aspectj.AbstractAspectJAdvice.invokeAdviceMethodWithGivenArgs(AbstractAspectJAdvice.java:643)
	at org.springframework.aop.aspectj.AbstractAspectJAdvice.invokeAdviceMethod(AbstractAspectJAdvice.java:632)
	at org.springframework.aop.aspectj.AspectJAroundAdvice.invoke(AspectJAroundAdvice.java:70)
	at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:185)
	at org.springframework.aop.aspectj.AspectJAfterAdvice.invoke(AspectJAfterAdvice.java:47)
	at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:185)
	at org.springframework.aop.framework.adapter.AfterReturningAdviceInterceptor.invoke(AfterReturningAdviceInterceptor.java:52)
	at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:185)
	at org.springframework.aop.aspectj.AspectJAfterThrowingAdvice.invoke(AspectJAfterThrowingAdvice.java:62)
	at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:185)
	at org.springframework.aop.interceptor.ExposeInvocationInterceptor.invoke(ExposeInvocationInterceptor.java:92)
	at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:185)
	at org.springframework.aop.framework.CglibAopProxy$DynamicAdvisedInterceptor.intercept(CglibAopProxy.java:689)
	at com.springtest.model.AopTestBean$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$6b2897da.printStr(<generated>)
	at SpringXmlContextTest.aopTest(SpringXmlContextTest.java:29)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
	at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:50)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
	at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:47)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:17)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:325)
	at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:78)
	at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:57)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
	at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137)
	at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:68)
	at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:47)
	at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:242)
	at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:70)


Disconnected from the target VM, address: '127.0.0.1:6431', transport: 'socket'

Process finished with exit code -1

官方文档：
https://docs.spring.io/spring-framework/docs/current/reference/html/core.html#aop