内部类+迭代器模式

从外围类的方法中创建内部类的引用：OuterClassName.InnerClassName

When you create an inner class, an object of that inner class has a link to the enclosing object（外围对象）that made it , and so it can access the members of that enclosing object—without any special qualifications.   即内部类可以访问外围对象的的所有成员。

package innerclasses;
// Holds a sequence of Objects.
interface Selector {
  boolean end();
  Object current();
  void next();
}	

public class Sequence {
  private Object[] items;
  private int next = 0;
  public Sequence(int size) { items = new Object[size]; }
  public void add(Object x) {
    if(next < items.length)
      items[next++] = x;
  }
  private class SequenceSelector implements Selector {
    private int i = 0;
    public boolean end() { return i == items.length; }
    public Object current() { return items[i]; }
    public void next() { if(i < items.length) i++; }
  }
  public Selector selector() {
    return new SequenceSelector();
  }	
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    Sequence sequence = new Sequence(10);
    for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
      sequence.add(Integer.toString(i));
    Selector selector = sequence.selector();
    while(!selector.end()) {
      System.out.print(selector.current() + " ");
      selector.next();
    }
  }
} /* Output:
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
*///:~

可以看出，内部类SequenceSelector的3个方法访问了外围类的私有字段items。

此外，Selector接口是迭代器模式（Iterator Pattern）。Selector接口可以检查是否到了末尾了（end( )）、访问当前对象（current( )）、以及移动到Sequence中的下一个对象（next ()）。

在内部类的方法中生成外围类对象的引用：OuterClassName.this

在外围类的方法中创建内部类：OuterClassRefer.new

内部类可以出现在方法内部，也可以出现在如If这样的语句中。