The Internet of Things
The Internet of Things 英文原版书,适合入门物联网。目录:
1 Demystifying the IoT Paradigm....................................................................................1
Why the IoT Is Strategically Sound.................................................................................... 2
IoT Leads to Smarter Computing.................................................................................. 2
IoT Delivers Smarter Environments .............................................................................. 3
IoT Prescribes the Shift toward People IT...................................................................... 4
Te Brewing and Blossoming Trends in IT Space ............................................................... 4
Te Key Drivers for the IoT Discipline.......................................................................... 4
Everything Gets Service-Enabled ................................................................................... 5
Big Data Becomes Big Insights ...................................................................................... 5
Envisioning Software-Defned Clouds ........................................................................... 6
Te Diversity of IoT Data Sources................................................................................. 6
Te Technology Space.................................................................................................... 7
Te Process Space .......................................................................................................... 7
Infrastructure Space....................................................................................................... 7
Architecture Space ......................................................................................................... 7
Envisioning the Internet of Tings Era............................................................................... 8
Deeper Digitization toward Smart Objects or Sentient Materials................................... 8
Te Connected Devices ................................................................................................. 9
Adaptive Applications.................................................................................................. 10
Illustrating the Device-to-Device/Machine-to-Machine Integration Concept................... 10
Te Popular M2M Applications .................................................................................. 11
Smart Energy............................................................................................................... 11
Smart Health Care....................................................................................................... 11
Smart Home Security .................................................................................................. 11
Smart Cargo Handling ................................................................................................ 12
Smart Trafc Management........................................................................................... 12
Smart Inventory and Replenishment Management ...................................................... 12
Smart Cash Payment ................................................................................................... 12
Smart Tracking ............................................................................................................ 12
Smart Displays............................................................................................................. 12
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Smarter Manufacturing ............................................................................................... 13
Smart Asset Management ............................................................................................ 13
Smarter Retailing......................................................................................................... 14
Explaining the Aspect of Device-to-Cloud (D2C) Integration.......................................... 14
Clouds Infrastructures for Next-Generation Device Applications................................. 15
Cloud Infrastructures for IoT Data Analytics............................................................... 15
Cloud Infrastructures for Smartphone Services ............................................................ 16
Te Emergence of the IoT Platform as a Service (PaaS).................................................... 16
Device Management.................................................................................................... 16
Te Real-Time Analytics of IoT Big Data.................................................................... 16
Integration with Enterprise Systems............................................................................. 17
Digging into the Cloud-to-Cloud (C2C) Integration Paradigm ....................................... 17
An IoT Application Scenario ....................................................................................... 18
Describing the Sensor-to-Cloud Integration Concept ...................................................... 19
Storage ........................................................................................................................ 20
Azure IoT Hub Device Management ............................................................................... 20
Homeland Security and the Sensor Cloud ................................................................... 22
Te Prominent IoT Realization Technologies ................................................................... 23
Te IoT: Te Key Application Domains........................................................................... 24
Te IoT Challenges and the Research Domains........................................................... 26
Te Research Domains ................................................................................................ 27
Te Emerging IoT Flavors................................................................................................ 27
Te Industrial Internet of Tings (IIoT) ...................................................................... 28
Consumer Internet of Tings (CIoT) .......................................................................... 31
Social Internet of Tings (SIoT) .................................................................................. 32
Semantic Internet of Tings (SIoT) ............................................................................. 33
Why Semantics for the Interoperable IoT.................................................................... 35
Cognitive Internet of Tings (CIoT) ........................................................................... 36
Envisioning Cognitive IoT .......................................................................................... 36
Conclusion....................................................................................................................... 37
Bibliography .................................................................................................................... 38
2 Realization of IoT Ecosystem Using Wireless Technologies.........................................39
Introduction..................................................................................................................... 40
Architecture for IoT Using Mobile Devices...................................................................... 41
Mobile Technologies for Supporting IoT Ecosystem......................................................... 43
5G Technology ............................................................................................................ 43
Software-Defned Networking ..................................................................................... 43
Network Functions Virtualization ............................................................................... 44
5G Architecture........................................................................................................... 46
Ultra Wide Band Technology ...................................................................................... 46
How UWB Works .................................................................................................. 47
ISO 18000 7 DASH7.................................................................................................. 47
Near Field Communication Technology ...................................................................... 48
Energy Harvesting for Power Conservation in the IoT System ......................................... 49
Architecture of an Energy Harvesting Terminal for a Wireless Sensor Network ......... 50
Mobile Application Development Platforms .................................................................... 51
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Mobile Use Cases for IoT................................................................................................. 53
Low Power Wide Area Networking Technologies .............................................................53
LPWAN Network Topologies ...................................................................................... 55
Direct Device Connectivity Topology of LPWAN................................................... 55
Indirect Device Connectivity through a LPWAN Gateway ..................................... 56
Sigfox .......................................................................................................................... 56
Binary Phase Shift Keying....................................................................................... 57
Weightless ................................................................................................................... 57
Weightless-P ........................................................................................................... 57
Weightless-N .......................................................................................................... 57
Weightless-W .......................................................................................................... 58
NWave ........................................................................................................................ 58
Ingenu......................................................................................................................... 58
Random Phase Multiple Access............................................................................... 58
LoRa ........................................................................................................................... 59
Conclusion....................................................................................................................... 59
Bibliography .................................................................................................................... 60
3 Infrastructure and Service Discovery Protocols for the IoT Ecosystem .......................61
Introduction..................................................................................................................... 62
Layered Architecture for IoT............................................................................................ 62
Objects Layer .............................................................................................................. 63
Object Abstraction Layer............................................................................................. 63
Service Management Layer .......................................................................................... 63
Application Layer ........................................................................................................ 63
Business Layer ............................................................................................................. 64
Protocol Architecture of IoT ............................................................................................ 64
Infrastructure Protocols.................................................................................................... 64
Routing Protocol ......................................................................................................... 64
IEEE 802.15.4 ............................................................................................................ 66
IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks ............................................... 68
Network Architecture of 6LoWPAN....................................................................... 68
Protocol Stack of 6LoWPAN .................................................................................. 70
Bluetooth Low Energy................................................................................................. 71
Generic Attribute Profle......................................................................................... 72
Attribute Protocol ................................................................................................... 72
Security Manager Protocol ...................................................................................... 72
EPCglobal ................................................................................................................... 73
Long Term Evolution-Advanced .................................................................................. 73
Z-Wave........................................................................................................................ 75
Components of Z-Wave Network ........................................................................... 75
ZigBee......................................................................................................................... 76
Device or Service Discovery for IoT ................................................................................. 77
Bluetooth Beacons....................................................................................................... 77
Wi-Fi Aware ................................................................................................................ 77
Physical Web ............................................................................................................... 78
Open Hybrid............................................................................................................... 78
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Shazam........................................................................................................................ 78
Chirp........................................................................................................................... 78
How Chirp Works .................................................................................................. 79
Protocols for IoT Service Discovery.................................................................................. 79
multicast Domain Name System (mDNS)................................................................... 79
DNS Service Discovery ............................................................................................... 80
Universal Plug and Play ............................................................................................... 81
Prominent IoT Service Discovery Products Available in the Market ................................. 82
Bonjour....................................................................................................................... 82
Consul......................................................................................................................... 83
Basic Architecture of Consul ................................................................................... 83
AllJoyn ........................................................................................................................ 83
Conclusion....................................................................................................................... 84
References ........................................................................................................................ 84
4 Te Integration Technologies and Tools for IoT Environments ................................85
Introduction..................................................................................................................... 86
IoT Communication Protocol Requirements............................................................... 87
Te IoT Portion for Smarter Enterprises and Environments............................................. 88
Te Growing Importance of the IoT Paradigm............................................................ 88
Te Meteoric Rise of Device Ecosystem....................................................................... 88
Te Dazzling Growth of Operational and Transactional Systems ................................. 89
Deeper and Decisive Data Analytics ............................................................................ 89
Te Emergence of Pioneering Analytics (Generic as well as Specifc) ........................... 90
State-of-the-Art Data Science Tools ............................................................................. 90
Sensor and Actuator Networks ......................................................................................... 91
Sensor-to-Cloud Integration........................................................................................ 93
Te IoT Device Integration Concepts, Standards, and Implementations .......................... 95
Machine-to-Machine Communication ........................................................................ 95
Service Oriented Device Architecture for Device Integration....................................... 96
An Illuminating Use Case............................................................................................ 97
Device Profle for Web Services.................................................................................... 97
About the DPWSim Development Toolkit ............................................................. 99
Te Reference Architecture for Smarter Hospitals ................................................. 100
Messaging Methods: Pub or Sub and Point-to-Point ............................................. 100
Node.DPWS: Efcient Web Services for the IoT .................................................. 101
Te Open Service Gateway Initiative Standard .......................................................... 102
Scalability ............................................................................................................. 103
Robustness............................................................................................................ 103
Remote OSGi ....................................................................................................... 104
Eclipse Kura.......................................................................................................... 104
openHAB ............................................................................................................. 105
Te REST Paradigm.................................................................................................. 106
Te Device Connectivity via the OPC Standard ........................................................ 106
Te Device Integration Protocols and Middleware ......................................................... 107
Message Queue Telemetry Transport.......................................................................... 108
Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol .............................................................. 110
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ejabberd..................................................................................................................... 110
Data Distribution Bus ............................................................................................... 111
Advanced Message Queuing Protocol ........................................................................ 112
Constrained Application Protocol.............................................................................. 114
Te Protocol Landscape for IoT ..................................................................................... 116
Conclusion..................................................................................................................... 117
Bibliography .................................................................................................................. 117
5 Te Enablement Platforms for IoT Applications and Analytics.................................119
Describing the IoT Journey............................................................................................ 120
Te IoT Building Blocks ................................................................................................ 121
Digitized Entities and Connected Devices ................................................................. 121
IoT or Sensor Data Gateway...................................................................................... 121
Application Enablement Platforms ............................................................................ 122
Data Analytics Platforms ........................................................................................... 122
Knowledge Discovery and Dissemination.................................................................. 122
Storage, Backup, and Archival ................................................................................... 122
Cognitive Clouds....................................................................................................... 123
Te Major Players in the IoT Space ........................................................................... 123
A Few Enthralling IoT Use Cases................................................................................... 124
IoT Application Enablement Platforms.......................................................................... 125
Characterizing IoT or Machine-to-Machine Application Platforms................................ 125
IoT AEPs—Te Architectural Building-Blocks............................................................... 128
IoT and M2M Sensor Data Platform by AerCloud.................................................... 129
TingWorx IoT AEP ................................................................................................. 130
ORBCOMM IoT Platform....................................................................................... 131
Azure IoT Hub .............................................................................................................. 132
Amazon Web Service IoT Platform ................................................................................ 132
Te Axeda IoT Platform................................................................................................. 133
Te IoT Data Analytics Platforms .................................................................................. 134
IBM Watson IoT Platform ........................................................................................ 135
ParStream IoT Analytics Platform.............................................................................. 136
Vitria IoT Analytics Platform .................................................................................... 137
Pentaho IoT Analytics Platform................................................................................. 137
Splunk Software for IoT Data.................................................................................... 138
Guavus IoT Analytics Platform ...................................................................................... 139
Virdata IoT Analytics Platform.................................................................................. 140
Te IoT Data Virtualization Platforms........................................................................... 141
Te Key Capabilities Data Virtualization Delivers.......................................................... 142
IoT Data Visualization Platform .................................................................................... 142
Car Counter .............................................................................................................. 144
Te IoT Edge Data Analytics ......................................................................................... 144
Key Features and Highlights for Developers .............................................................. 145
Conclusion..................................................................................................................... 146
Te IoT Analytics Platforms—Te Links ....................................................................... 146
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6 Te Next-Generation Clouds for IoT Applications and Analytics .............................149
Introduction................................................................................................................... 150
Reflecting the Cloud Journey ......................................................................................... 151
About Technology Choice ......................................................................................... 151
Software-Defned Clouds for IoT .............................................................................. 151
Te Enigma of Commoditization .............................................................................. 152
About the Cloud Technology ......................................................................................... 153
Te Cloud Service Ecosystem......................................................................................... 154
Te Key Motivations for Cloud-Enabled Environments................................................. 155
A Look at Cloud-Inspired Enterprise Transformations ................................................... 156
Te Emergence of Cloud Environments .................................................................... 156
Energy Optimization................................................................................................. 157
IoT and Cloud-Inspired Smarter Environments ............................................................. 158
Smarter Environments............................................................................................... 158
Smarter Homes.......................................................................................................... 159
Smarter Grids ............................................................................................................ 161
IoT and Cloud for Smarter Cities.............................................................................. 161
Sensor-Cloud Integration for Smarter Cities.............................................................. 162
Social and Sensor Data Fusion in Cloud.................................................................... 162
Smarter Health Care.................................................................................................. 163
Cloud-Inspired Smarter Health Care Services............................................................ 164
Te Era of Hybrid Clouds.............................................................................................. 165
Envisioning Federated Clouds........................................................................................ 165
Cloud Federation Approaches.................................................................................... 166
Special-Purpose Clouds.................................................................................................. 167
Device Clouds ........................................................................................................... 168
Te Emergence of Edge/Fog Clouds............................................................................... 170
Te Compelling Use Cases for Next-Gen Edge Clouds.............................................. 171
Use Cases—Te Computation and Actionable Insights ............................................. 171
Te Storage Use Cases ............................................................................................... 172
Data Dissemination................................................................................................... 173
Mobile-Edge Computing (MEC) .............................................................................. 173
Edge Analytics-Enabled Smarter Trafc Systems ........................................................ 174
Te Architectural Components of the Smarter Trafc System......................................... 174
Tending toward Software-Defned Clouds...................................................................... 175
Te Building Blocks of Software-Defned Clouds........................................................... 177
Software-Defned Networking (SDN) ....................................................................... 177
Te Key Motivations for SDN................................................................................... 178
Te Need of SDN for the Cloud ............................................................................... 179
Software-Defned Storage (SDS) .................................................................................... 180
Cloud-Based Big Data Storage................................................................................... 181
Te Key Characteristics of Software-Defned Storage................................................. 182
Te Onset of Cognitive Clouds...................................................................................... 182
Conclusion..................................................................................................................... 183
References ...................................................................................................................... 183Contents ◾ xi
7 Describing the Emerging Field of IoT Data Analytics...............................................185
Introduction................................................................................................................... 186
Te Principal Steps toward Knowledge Discovery and Dissemination ............................ 187
Te Rewarding Repercussions of the Data Explosion ..................................................... 188
Describing Big Data Analytics........................................................................................ 188
Te Strategic Importance of Big Data Analytics ............................................................. 189
Big Data Analytics: Te Prominent Use Cases................................................................ 191
Customer Satisfaction Analysis .................................................................................. 191
Market Sentiment Analysis ........................................................................................ 191
Epidemic Analysis...................................................................................................... 192
Using Big Data Analytics in Health Care................................................................... 192
Machine Data Analytics by Splunk............................................................................ 193
Real-Time and Streaming Analytics................................................................................ 196
Expounding the IoT Data Analytics Domain................................................................. 199
Te Key Drivers for IoT Data Analytics ......................................................................... 199
Te Key Movements and Motivations of IoT Data......................................................... 200
Te Emergence of Edge Clouds for Real-Time Insights.................................................. 201
Deep Diving and Digging into Edge Analytics............................................................... 202
Te Renowned Edge Analytics Use Cases....................................................................... 203
Smart Water System................................................................................................... 203
Smarter Grid ............................................................................................................. 203
Smarter Homes and Buildings ................................................................................... 203
Smarter Retailing....................................................................................................... 204
Self-Maintaining Trains ............................................................................................. 204
Smarter Mines ........................................................................................................... 204
Device Integration..................................................................................................... 204
Smarter Trafc Systems.............................................................................................. 204
Te Architectural Components of the Smarter Trafc System......................................... 205
Te Key Capabilities of Next-Generation IoT Data Analytics Platforms......................... 207
Te Key Capabilities.................................................................................................. 208
Te Prime Modules of IoT Data Analytics Platforms ..................................................... 209
Te Reference Architecture for IoT Data Analytics Platform.......................................... 209
Te Renowned Use Cases for IoT Data Analytics........................................................... 211
Connected Cars......................................................................................................... 211
Te Data Analytics Locations .................................................................................... 212
Why Have Cloud-Based IoT Data Analytics?................................................................. 213
Te Distinct Capabilities of IoT Data Analytics Platforms ............................................. 214
Conclusion..................................................................................................................... 216
Bibliography .................................................................................................................. 216
8 Expounding the Edge/Fog Computing Paradigm......................................................217
Introduction................................................................................................................... 218
Te Introduction of Fog/Edge Computing..................................................................... 219
Fog versus Edge Computing...................................................................................... 220
Illustrating the Game-Changing IoT Journey................................................................. 221
It Is All About the Extreme and Deeper Connectivity................................................ 221xii ◾ Contents
Te Humongous Volumes of IoT Data...................................................................... 223
Major IoT Data Types ............................................................................................... 224
Measurement Data .................................................................................................... 224
Event Data ................................................................................................................ 224
Interaction and Transaction Data............................................................................... 224
Diagnostics Data ....................................................................................................... 224
Describing the Fog Computing-Like Concepts .............................................................. 225
Local/Proximate Clouds ............................................................................................ 225
Cloudlet Facilities...................................................................................................... 225
Why Cloudlet-Like Arrangement Is Mandated?......................................................... 226
Mobile Edge Computing (MEC)............................................................................... 226
Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC) ............................................................................ 227
Te Use Cases of Fog/Edge Computing ......................................................................... 227
Smart Homes ............................................................................................................ 228
Smart Grids............................................................................................................... 228
Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks..................................................................... 228
Smart Vehicles ........................................................................................................... 229
Smarter Security ........................................................................................................ 229
Smart Buildings......................................................................................................... 229
IoT and Cyber-Physical Systems................................................................................ 230
Software-Defned Networking ................................................................................... 230
Why Is Fog Computing Crucial for the Envisaged IoT Success?..................................... 230
Weeding Out Irrelevant Data at the Source ............................................................... 231
Real-Time IoT Data Analytics ................................................................................... 231
Instantaneous Response............................................................................................. 231
Resource-Constrained Sensors Behind Fog Devices ................................................... 231
IoT Data Security...................................................................................................... 231
Te Formation of Edge Clouds.................................................................................. 232
Building Composite Applications .............................................................................. 232
Policy-Based Fog Devices........................................................................................... 232
Delving into Fog/Edge Analytics.................................................................................... 233
Te Greatness of Edge Data....................................................................................... 233
Edge Analytics: Te Prominent Use Cases...................................................................... 234
IoT Sensor Data Monitoring and Analysis................................................................. 234
Remote Monitoring and Analysis of Oil and Gas Operations .................................... 234
Smarter Cities............................................................................................................ 235
Smart Retailers .......................................................................................................... 235
Smart Automobiles.................................................................................................... 235
Smart Manufacturing ................................................................................................ 236
Facilities and Asset Management ............................................................................... 237
Carving Out Edge Clouds for Edge Analytics ................................................................ 237
Deep Diving and Digging into the Aspect of Edge Analytics.......................................... 238
Introducing Integrated Fog Computing Platforms ......................................................... 239
Te OSGi Standard for Building Device Management Frameworks........................... 240
Te Eclipse Kura—An IoT Device Management and Analytics Platform ....................... 241
Everyware Software Framework...................................................................................... 242
Apache Quarks .......................................................................................................... 243Contents ◾ xiii
Predixion Software..................................................................................................... 243
Te Solair Smart Gateway.......................................................................................... 244
Te Solair Platform—IoT Devices: Te Integration Options.......................................... 245
Direct Collection....................................................................................................... 245
Mobile Bridge............................................................................................................ 245
Smart Gateway .......................................................................................................... 245
Altiux Innovations.......................................................................................................... 246
ParStream Edge Analytics Appliance .............................................................................. 246
Dell Edge Gateway 5000 Series...................................................................................... 246
Conclusion..................................................................................................................... 247
Bibliography .................................................................................................................. 247
9 Envisioning Futuristic Smart Airports Using IoT Integration...................................249
Introduction................................................................................................................... 250
Airport Infrastructure..................................................................................................... 251
Airport 1.0 ................................................................................................................ 252
Airport 2.0 ................................................................................................................ 253
Personal Technology/Processes for Passengers ................................................................. 253
Mobile Applications for Air Travel Passengers ............................................................ 253
Technology/Processes to Streamline Passenger Journey................................................... 254
Interactive Displays and Bill Boards in Airports......................................................... 254
Technology/Processes to Enhance Passenger Experience ................................................. 254
Interactive Surfaces.................................................................................................... 254
Processes for Increased Leisure Experience...................................................................... 255
Finnish Sauna at Helsinki Airport ............................................................................. 255
Free Sightseeing Tour at Changi Airport, Singapore................................................... 255
Free Cooking Classes at Paris Orly Airport ................................................................ 256
Traditional Culture Workshops at Incheon International Airport, South Korea ......... 256
Airport 3.0............................................................................................................ 256
Mobile Devices in Airports............................................................................................. 257
Social Media Applications in Airports ............................................................................ 259
Source: Amadeus Survey ................................................................................................ 260
Mobile Applications for Airports.................................................................................... 261
Mobile Technologies ...................................................................................................... 262
Quick Response Codes in Airports for Mobile Check-In ........................................... 262
Near Field Communication ........................................................................................... 263
Telepresence................................................................................................................... 264
Wireless Broadband........................................................................................................ 264
RFID/Sensors ................................................................................................................ 264
Biometric Passports ................................................................................................... 264
Other Biometric Applications in Airports....................................................................... 265
RFID-Based Tracking of Baggage in Airports ................................................................. 265
Beacons for Airports....................................................................................................... 266
Applications of Beacons for Airports .............................................................................. 267
Tracking Passenger Location ...................................................................................... 267
Triggering Mobile Boarding Passes............................................................................. 267
Navigating the Airport............................................................................................... 267xiv ◾ Contents
Promotions at Retail Outlets in Airports.................................................................... 267
Baggage Reclaim........................................................................................................ 267
Wearable Technology ..................................................................................................... 268
Benefts of Wearable Devices ..................................................................................... 269
Use Cases of Wearables for Airports........................................................................... 269
Passenger Baggage Tracking ....................................................................................... 270
Operational Efciencies of Airports .......................................................................... 270
Other Supporting Technologies for Smart Airports ........................................................ 270
Cloud Computing.......................................................................................................... 270
Big Data and Predictive Analytics................................................................................... 271
Conclusion..................................................................................................................... 271
References ...................................................................................................................... 272
10 Envisioning Smart Health Care Systems in a Connected World ................................273
Introduction................................................................................................................... 274
Clinical Care.................................................................................................................. 275
Remote Monitoring ....................................................................................................... 275
Other Interesting Use Cases of IoT ................................................................................ 276
Enabling Technologies which Make IoT in Health Care Possible ................................... 279
Challenges in the IoT Health Care Sector ...................................................................... 279
Future Trends for IoT in Health Care............................................................................. 280
Ingestible Sensor........................................................................................................ 280
Digital Medicine........................................................................................................ 281
Mobile Apps in Health Care Sector................................................................................ 282
Cloud and Big Data Analytics in the Health Care Sector................................................ 282
Cloud Services in Health Care Sector............................................................................. 283
Electronic Storage of Medical Records ....................................................................... 283
Ofce Productivity Solutions..................................................................................... 284
Health Information Exchange.................................................................................... 284
Collaboration Solution for Physicians........................................................................ 285
Clinical Information System...................................................................................... 285
Big Data Analytics in the Health Care Sector ............................................................ 285
Support Research in Genomics and Other Health Care Projects................................ 286
Transform Data from Information............................................................................. 288
Use of Explanatory Analytics by Predixion Software .................................................. 288
Use of Big Data by Health Fidelity ............................................................................ 288
Supporting Self Care.................................................................................................. 289
Supporting Self Care with Ginger.io .......................................................................... 289
Support for Providers................................................................................................. 289
Increase Awareness..................................................................................................... 291
Sproxil Uses Big Data to Identify Counterfeit Drugs ................................................. 291
Sickweather LLC Uses Social Media to Track Disease Outbreaks ............................... 291
Pool Data to Build a Better Ecosystem....................................................................... 291
Conclusion..................................................................................................................... 292
References ...................................................................................................................... 292Contents ◾ xv
11 Smart Use Cases of IoT .............................................................................................293
Introduction................................................................................................................... 294
Governance Use Cases.................................................................................................... 294
Ubiquitous Connectivity................................................................................................ 295
Omnipresent Devices..................................................................................................... 296
Collaboration Platforms................................................................................................. 296
Cloud Computing.......................................................................................................... 296
Open Standards and Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) ............................................ 296
Geospatial Platforms ...................................................................................................... 297
Neogeography in Smart Cities........................................................................................ 297
Internet of Tings (IoT)................................................................................................. 297
Advanced Analytics ........................................................................................................ 298
Open Access to Public Data ........................................................................................... 298
Digitally Controlled Devices .......................................................................................... 299
Social Media Networking............................................................................................... 299
Strategic Governance Framework for the Implementation of Smart Cities...................... 299
City Objectives .............................................................................................................. 300
City Indicators ............................................................................................................... 300
City Components .......................................................................................................... 300
City Content.................................................................................................................. 301
Smart Industrial Use Cases of IoT.................................................................................. 301
Smart Lighting for Energy Conservation........................................................................ 304
Smart Lighting Approaches ....................................................................................... 304
Wireless Lighting Control Systems ............................................................................ 306
Smart Transportation Systems ........................................................................................ 308
Electric Vehicles (EVs)............................................................................................... 309
Smarter Vehicles ........................................................................................................ 309
Te Technological Implications on Vehicles ............................................................... 310
Insights-Driven Connected Vehicles .......................................................................... 310
Vehicle-to-Vehicle Connectivity................................................................................. 311
Vehicle-to-Cloud Connectivity .................................................................................. 311
Vehicle Connectivity Platforms, Tools, and Applications ........................................... 312
Use Cases of Technology-Inspired Vehicles ................................................................ 313
An Assortment of Vehicle-Centric Applications ......................................................... 313
Knowledge Services ................................................................................................... 313
Big Data Analytics for Smarter Transports ................................................................. 314
Te Approaches for Smarter Transportation............................................................... 315
Predict Demand and Optimizing Capacity, Assets, and Infrastructure ....................... 315
Improve the End-to-End Experience for Travelers...................................................... 316
Increase Operational Efciency While Reducing Environmental Impact ................... 316
Ensure Safety and Security......................................................................................... 316
Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) ........................................................................... 317
Connected Cars ............................................................................................................. 317
Consumer Use Cases of IoT........................................................................................... 318xvi ◾ Contents
Smart Homes/Buildings ................................................................................................. 319
Te Key Drivers for Smarter Homes and Buildings.................................................... 319
Te Prominent Use Cases of Smarter Homes and Buildings ...................................... 319
Smarter Homes and Building Elements ..................................................................... 320
Smarter Home/Buildings Capabilities........................................................................ 322
Role of Building Automation Systems in Smarter Homes and Buildings ........................ 323
Smarter Homes—Middleware Platforms........................................................................ 324
Smarter Home Frameworks............................................................................................ 326
Smart Education Systems Using Wearable Devices......................................................... 327
Conclusion..................................................................................................................... 328
Reference ....................................................................................................................... 328
12 Security Management of an IoT Ecosystem...............................................................329
Introduction................................................................................................................... 329
Security Requirements of an IoT Infrastructure.............................................................. 330
Confdentiality, Integrity, and Availability Triad......................................................... 330
Confdentiality...................................................................................................... 330
Integrity................................................................................................................ 331
Availability............................................................................................................ 331
Authentication, Authorization, and Audit Trial (AAA) Framework................................. 331
Authentication........................................................................................................... 331
Authorization ............................................................................................................ 332
Audit Trial ................................................................................................................. 332
Defense-in-Depth .......................................................................................................... 332
Trusted Computing Base (TCB)................................................................................ 332
Encryption ................................................................................................................ 333
Security Concerns of Cloud Platforms ........................................................................... 333
Virtual Machine Segmentation....................................................................................... 334
Database Segmentation .................................................................................................. 335
VM Introspection .......................................................................................................... 335
Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS)............................................................................ 335
Imperva SecureSphere Web Application Firewall to Prevent DDoS Attacks ............... 336
Virtual Machine/Hypervisor-Based Security Treats ...................................................... 337
Unauthorized Alteration of Virtual Machine Image Files ........................................... 337
VM Teft .................................................................................................................. 338
Inter-VM Attacks ...................................................................................................... 338
Instant-On Gaps........................................................................................................ 339
Hyperjacking............................................................................................................. 339
Security Treats of Big Data........................................................................................... 340
Distributed Programming Frameworks...................................................................... 341
Use of NoSQL Databases .......................................................................................... 341
Storage Tiering .......................................................................................................... 341
Data Source Validation.............................................................................................. 341
Privacy Concerns....................................................................................................... 342
Requirements of Security Management Framework for Big Data ................................... 342
Agile Scale-Out Infrastructure ................................................................................... 343
Security Analytics ...................................................................................................... 343Contents ◾ xvii
Treat Monitoring and Intelligence ........................................................................... 344
Security Treats in Smartphones................................................................................ 344
Security Solutions for Mobile Devices............................................................................ 345
Security Concerns in IoT Components .......................................................................... 346
Security Measures for IoT Platforms/Devices ................................................................. 347
Secure Booting .......................................................................................................... 347
Mandatory Access Control Mechanisms .................................................................... 347
Device Authentication for Networks.......................................................................... 347
Device-Specifc Firewalls............................................................................................ 347
Controlled Mechanism to Ensure Application of Security Patches and Upgrades......... 347
Security Treats in Different Use Cases of IoT ............................................................... 348
Security Treats in Smart Transportation Systems...................................................... 348
Security Treats in Smart Grids and Other IoT-Based Infrastructure Components..........349
Conclusion..................................................................................................................... 350
Bibliography .................................................................................................................. 350
Learning Internet of Things
Learning Internet of Things 英文原版书,物联网入门介绍书。目录:
Chapter 1: Preparing our IoT Projects 11
Creating the sensor project 12
Preparing Raspberry Pi 13
Clayster libraries 14
Hardware 15
Interacting with our hardware 16
Interfacing the hardware 17
Internal representation of sensor values 18
Persisting data 18
External representation of sensor values 19
Exporting sensor data 19
Creating the actuator project 22
Hardware 22
Interfacing the hardware 23
Creating a controller 24
Representing sensor values 25
Parsing sensor data 25
Calculating control states 26
Creating a camera 27
Hardware 27
Accessing the serial port on Raspberry Pi 29
Interfacing the hardware 29
Creating persistent default settings 30
Adding conigurable properties 30
Persisting the settings 31
Working with the current settings 32
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[ ii ]
Initializing the camera 32
Summary 33
Chapter 2: The HTTP Protocol 35
HTTP basics 36
Adding HTTP support to the sensor 38
Setting up an HTTP server on the sensor 39
Setting up an HTTPS server on the sensor 41
Adding a root menu 42
Displaying measured information in an HTML page 44
Generating graphics dynamically 46
Creating sensor data resources 51
Interpreting the readout request 52
Testing our data export 53
User authentication 53
Adding events for enhanced network performance 54
Adding HTTP support to the actuator 54
Creating the web services resource 55
Accessing individual outputs 56
Collective access to outputs 57
Accessing the alarm output 57
Using the test form 58
Accessing WSDL 59
Using the REST web service interface 59
Adding HTTP support to the controller 60
Subscribing to events 60
Creating the control thread 62
Controlling the actuator 63
Summary 64
Chapter 3: The UPnP Protocol 65
Introducing UPnP 65
Providing a service architecture 66
Documenting device and service capabilities 66
Creating a device description document 67
Choosing a device type 68
Being friendly 69
Providing the device with an identity 69
Adding icons 69
Adding references to services 70
Topping off with a URL to a web presentation page 71Table of Contents
[ iii ]
Creating the service description document 71
Adding actions 72
Adding state variables 72
Adding a unique device name 73
Providing a web interface 73
Creating a UPnP interface 74
Registering UPnP resources 75
Replacing placeholders 76
Adding support for SSDP 77
Notifying the network 78
Responding to searches 79
Implementing the Still Image service 81
Initializing evented state variables 81
Providing web service properties 82
Adding service properties 83
Adding actions 83
Using our camera 84
Setting up UPnP 84
Discovering devices and services 85
Subscribing to events 86
Receiving events 86
Executing actions 87
Summary 88
Chapter 4: The CoAP Protocol 89
Making HTTP binary 90
Finding development tools 91
Adding CoAP to our sensor 91
Deining our irst CoAP resources 92
Manually triggering an event notiication 93
Registering data readout resources 94
Returning XML 95
Returning JSON 96
Returning plain text 96
Discovering CoAP resources 97
Testing our CoAP resources 98
Adding CoAP to our actuator 98
Deining simple control resources 99
Parsing the URL in CoAP 100
Controlling the output using CoAP 101Table of Contents
[ iv ]
Using CoAP in our controller 102
Monitoring observable resources 102
Receiving notiications 103
Performing control actions 104
Summary 105
Chapter 5: The MQTT Protocol 107
Publishing and subscribing 108
Adding MQTT support to the sensor 110
Controlling the thread life cycle 110
Flagging signiicant events 111
Connecting to the MQTT server 112
Publishing the content 113
Adding MQTT support to the actuator 115
Initializing the topic content 115
Subscribing to topics 115
Receiving the published content 116
Decoding and parsing content 117
Adding MQTT support to the controller 118
Handling events from the sensor 118
Decoding and parsing sensor values 119
Subscribing to sensor events 120
Controlling the actuator 120
Controlling the LED output 120
Controlling the alarm output 121
Summary 123
Chapter 6: The XMPP Protocol 125
XMPP basics 126
Federating for global scalability 126
Providing a global identity 127
Authorizing communication 128
Sensing online presence 128
Using XML 129
Communication patterns 129
Extending XMPP 130
Connecting to a server 131
Provisioning for added security 132
Adding XMPP support to a thing 133
Connecting to the XMPP network 133Table of Contents
[ v ]
Monitoring connection state events 134
Notifying your friends 135
Handling HTTP requests over XMPP 135
Providing an additional layer of security 136
The basics of provisioning 136
Initializing the Thing Registry interface 138
Registering a thing 139
Updating a public thing 140
Claiming a thing 140
Removing a thing from the registry 140
Disowning a thing 141
Initializing the provisioning server interface 142
Handling friendship recommendations 142
Handling requests to unfriend somebody 143
Searching for a provisioning server 143
Providing registry information 145
Maintaining a connection 145
Negotiating friendships 146
Handling presence subscription requests 147
Continuing interrupted negotiations 148
Adding XMPP support to the sensor 149
Adding a sensor server interface 149
Updating event subscriptions 149
Publishing contracts 150
Adding XMPP support to the actuator 151
Adding a controller server interface 151
Adding XMPP support to the camera 152
Adding XMPP support to the controller 153
Setting up a sensor client interface 153
Subscribing to sensor data 153
Handling incoming sensor data 154
Setting up a controller client interface 155
Setting up a camera client interface 157
Fetching the camera image over XMPP 157
Identifying peer capabilities 158
Reacting to peer presence 159
Detecting rule changes 160
Connecting it all together 161
Summary 162Table of Contents
[ vi ]
Chapter 7: Using an IoT Service Platform 163
Selecting an IoT platform 164
The Clayster platform 164
Downloading the Clayster platform 164
Creating a service project 165
Adding references 165
Making a Clayster module 166
Executing the service 167
Using a package manifest 167
Executing from Visual Studio 168
Coniguring the Clayster system 168
Using the management tool 169
Browsing data sources 170
Interfacing our devices using XMPP 171
Creating a class for our sensor 172
Finding the best class 172
Subscribing to sensor data 173
Interpreting incoming sensor data 174
Creating a class for our actuator 175
Customizing control operations 175
Creating a class for our camera 176
Creating our control application 176
Understanding rendering 177
Deining the application class 178
Initializing the controller 178
Adding control rules 179
Understanding application references 180
Deining brielets 180
Displaying a gauge 181
Displaying a binary signal 182
Pushing updates to the client 184
Completing the application 185
Coniguring the application 186
Viewing the 10-foot interface application 186
Summary 188
Chapter 8: Creating Protocol Gateways 189
Understanding protocol bridging 190
Using an abstraction model 191
The basics of the Clayster abstraction model 193
Understanding editable data sources 193Table of Contents
[ vii ]
Understanding editable objects 194
Using common data sources 195
Overriding key properties and methods 196
Controlling structure 196
Publishing properties 197
Publishing commands 197
Handling communication with devices 197
Reading devices 198
Coniguring devices 198
Understanding the CoAP gateway architecture 198
Summary 200
Chapter 9: Security and Interoperability 201
Understanding the risks 201
Reinventing the wheel, but an inverted one 202
Knowing your neighbor 203
Modes of attack 203
Denial of Service 203
Guessing the credentials 204
Getting access to stored credentials 204
Man in the middle 205
Snifing network communication 205
Port scanning and web crawling 206
Search features and wildcards 207
Breaking ciphers 207
Tools for achieving security 208
Virtual Private Networks 208
X.509 certiicates and encryption 209
Authentication of identities 209
Usernames and passwords 210
Using message brokers and provisioning servers 211
Centralization versus decentralization 211
The need for interoperability 212
Solves complexity 212
Reduces cost 212
Allows new kinds of services and reuse of devices 213
Combining security and interoperability 213
Summary 214
algorithm design 的课后答案
algorithm desgin: foundation, analysis and Internet examples的英文版课后答案