Oracle异常( 其四)

- 预定义异常

1、zero_divide:零被整除（7/0）
例：
```
begin
  dbms.output_put.line('7/0')
  exception
  when zero_divide then dbms.output_put.line('零不能被整除')
end;

```
2、no_data_found：没找到数据
例：
```
declare
  v_sno student.sno%type;
begin
  select sno into v_sno from student where sname=&sname;
  dbms.output_put.line('v_sno');
  exception
  when no_data_found then dbms.output_put.line('没找到数据！')
end;
```
3、to_many_rows：匹配多条数据
例：
```
declare
    v_sno student.sno%type;
begin
    select sno into v_sno from student where sno=&sno;
    exception
    when too_many_rows then dbms_output.put_line('select into语句匹配了多行');
    when others then dbms_output.put_line('其他例外');
end;
```

- 非预定义异常

1、记录已存在 ，违反唯一限制:ORA-00001
insert into student values(‘1111’,‘张小龙’,‘女’,17,‘04’);
2、违反外键约束:ORA-02291
insert into student values(‘1111b’,‘张小龙’,‘女’,17,‘06’);
3、引用的数据不存在
insert into student(sno,sname,ssex,sage,deptno) values(‘1111b’,‘张小龙’,‘女’,17,‘06’);
4、输入的数据不够:ORA-00947
insert into student values(‘1111b’,‘张小龙’,‘女’,17);
5、值过多：ORA-00913
insert into student values(‘1111b’,‘张小龙’,‘女’,17,‘06’,‘sadad’);

例1、删除数据产生异常

declare
		    err_delereferences exception;
		    pragma exception_init(err_delereferences,-02292);
		begin
		    delete from course where cno=&cno;
		    exception
		    when err_delereferences then dbms_output.put_line('被其它数据引用');
		    when others then dbms_output.put_line('其他');
		end;

2、子查询时产生的异常（没获得数据）

declare
		    v_grade score.grade%type;
		    err_subnodata exception;
		    pragma exception_init(err_subnodata,-01427);
		begin
		    select grade  
		    from score where sno in(select sno from student where sname='安然') ;
		    exception
		    when err_subnodata then dbms_output.put_line('子查询时没获得数据');
		    when others then dbms_output.put_line('其他');
		end;

- 用户自定义异常