- 预定义异常
1、zero_divide:零被整除(7/0)
例:
```
begin
dbms.output_put.line('7/0')
exception
when zero_divide then dbms.output_put.line('零不能被整除')
end;
```
2、no_data_found:没找到数据
例:
```
declare
v_sno student.sno%type;
begin
select sno into v_sno from student where sname=&sname;
dbms.output_put.line('v_sno');
exception
when no_data_found then dbms.output_put.line('没找到数据!')
end;
```
3、to_many_rows:匹配多条数据
例:
```
declare
v_sno student.sno%type;
begin
select sno into v_sno from student where sno=&sno;
exception
when too_many_rows then dbms_output.put_line('select into语句匹配了多行');
when others then dbms_output.put_line('其他例外');
end;
```
- 非预定义异常
1、记录已存在 ,违反唯一限制:ORA-00001
insert into student values(‘1111’,‘张小龙’,‘女’,17,‘04’);
2、违反外键约束:ORA-02291
insert into student values(‘1111b’,‘张小龙’,‘女’,17,‘06’);
3、引用的数据不存在
insert into student(sno,sname,ssex,sage,deptno) values(‘1111b’,‘张小龙’,‘女’,17,‘06’);
4、输入的数据不够:ORA-00947
insert into student values(‘1111b’,‘张小龙’,‘女’,17);
5、值过多:ORA-00913
insert into student values(‘1111b’,‘张小龙’,‘女’,17,‘06’,‘sadad’);
例1、删除数据产生异常
declare
err_delereferences exception;
pragma exception_init(err_delereferences,-02292);
begin
delete from course where cno=&cno;
exception
when err_delereferences then dbms_output.put_line('被其它数据引用');
when others then dbms_output.put_line('其他');
end;
2、子查询时产生的异常(没获得数据)
declare
v_grade score.grade%type;
err_subnodata exception;
pragma exception_init(err_subnodata,-01427);
begin
select grade
from score where sno in(select sno from student where sname='安然') ;
exception
when err_subnodata then dbms_output.put_line('子查询时没获得数据');
when others then dbms_output.put_line('其他');
end;