用Flask搭建一个web应用(三)---拆分models.py&解决循环引用

在app.py同级目录下建立models.py

models.py:

from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
from app import db


class Article(db.Model):
    # 定义表名
    __tablename__ = 'article'
    # 定义字段
    # db.Column 表示是一个字段
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    name = db.Column(db.String(50), unique=True)

app.py

from flask import Flask,render_template
from flask import jsonify,request
from flask_admin import Admin
from flask_admin.contrib.sqla import ModelView
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import tensorflow as tf
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from sklearn.preprocessing import MinMaxScaler
import time
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
from models import Article
import pymysql

app = Flask(__name__)
admin = Admin(app=app, name='后台管理系统')
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = "mysql+pymysql://root:123@127.0.0.1:3306/JiaBlog"
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_COMMIT_TEARDOWN'] = True
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS'] = False
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_COMMIT_ON_TEARDOWN'] = True
app.config['JSON_AS_ASCII'] = False
db = SQLAlchemy(app)


# class Article(db.Model):
#     # 定义表名
#     __tablename__ = 'article'
#     # 定义字段
#     # db.Column 表示是一个字段
#     id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
#     name = db.Column(db.String(50), unique=True)


# db.drop_all()     # 删除表
# db.create_all()   # 建表


@app.route('/')
def hello_world():
    return render_template('index.html')


@app.route('/predict',methods=["GET", "POST"])
def predict():
    data = {"success": False}

    params = request.json
    if (params == None):
        params = request.args

    # 若发现参数，则返回预测值
    if (params != None):
        x = pd.DataFrame.from_dict(params, orient='index').transpose()

    return jsonify(data)


@app.route('/detail',methods=["GET","POST"])
def detail():
    articles = Article.query.all()
    print(articles)
    model_to_dict(articles)
    return jsonify(model_to_dict(articles))


def model_to_dict(result):
    from collections import Iterable
    try:
        if isinstance(result, Iterable):
            tmp = [dict(zip(res.__dict__.keys(), res.__dict__.values())) for res in result]
            for t in tmp:
                t.pop('_sa_instance_state')
        else:
            tmp = dict(zip(result.__dict__.keys(), result.__dict__.values()))
            tmp.pop('_sa_instance_state')
        return tmp
    except BaseException as e:
        print(e.args)
        raise TypeError('Type error of parameter')


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(debug=True)

看起来一切都很美好，但是你启动就会报错

ImportError: cannot import name 'db'

这就是循环引用报错，主app需要models.py中的数据库模型，但是models.py启动时发现没有这个db，因为db是在主app中初始化的，解决方法：

新增exts.py

from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy

db = SQLAlchemy()

先不初始化，即不和app绑定在一起

app.py

from flask import Flask,render_template
from flask import jsonify,request
from flask_admin import Admin
from flask_admin.contrib.sqla import ModelView
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import tensorflow as tf
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from sklearn.preprocessing import MinMaxScaler
import time
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
from exts import db
from models import Article
import pymysql

app = Flask(__name__)
admin = Admin(app=app, name='后台管理系统')
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = "mysql+pymysql://root:123@127.0.0.1:3306/JiaBlog"
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_COMMIT_TEARDOWN'] = True
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS'] = False
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_COMMIT_ON_TEARDOWN'] = True
app.config['JSON_AS_ASCII'] = False
db.init_app(app)  # 注意这里



# class Article(db.Model):
#     # 定义表名
#     __tablename__ = 'article'
#     # 定义字段
#     # db.Column 表示是一个字段
#     id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
#     name = db.Column(db.String(50), unique=True)


# db.drop_all()     # 删除表
# db.create_all()   # 建表


@app.route('/')
def hello_world():
    return render_template('index.html')


@app.route('/predict',methods=["GET", "POST"])
def predict():
    data = {"success": False}

    params = request.json
    if (params == None):
        params = request.args

    # 若发现参数，则返回预测值
    if (params != None):
        x = pd.DataFrame.from_dict(params, orient='index').transpose()

    return jsonify(data)


@app.route('/detail',methods=["GET","POST"])
def detail():
    articles = Article.query.all()
    print(articles)
    model_to_dict(articles)
    return jsonify(model_to_dict(articles))


def model_to_dict(result):
    from collections import Iterable
    try:
        if isinstance(result, Iterable):
            tmp = [dict(zip(res.__dict__.keys(), res.__dict__.values())) for res in result]
            for t in tmp:
                t.pop('_sa_instance_state')
        else:
            tmp = dict(zip(result.__dict__.keys(), result.__dict__.values()))
            tmp.pop('_sa_instance_state')
        return tmp
    except BaseException as e:
        print(e.args)
        raise TypeError('Type error of parameter')


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(debug=True)

然后models.py

from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
from exts import db


class Article(db.Model):
    # 定义表名
    __tablename__ = 'article'
    # 定义字段
    # db.Column 表示是一个字段
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    name = db.Column(db.String(50), unique=True)