C语言 适用于windows的udp通信简单代码实现

只做了最基础的双向收发功能，参考了很多大佬的文章，还有很多不懂的地方，先把代码贴出来大家互相交流吧。

因为不清楚头文件具体内容，乱加了很多，看起来很冗余。

初始化操作可能有几个是多余的，懒得去掉了。

客户端：

#include <sys/stat.h>

#include <fcntl.h>

#include <errno.h>

#include <winsock2.h>
#pragma comment(lib,"ws2_32.lib")

#include <sys/types.h>

#include <Ws2tcpip.h>

#include <stdio.h>

#include <string.h>

#include <stdlib.h>

#include <io.h>
#include <process.h>

#define SERVER_PORT 6677
#define ERROR -1

int main()
{
	//启动wsaData服务
	WSADATA wsaData;
	if (WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsaData) != 0) {
		perror("WSADATA失败");
	}
	
	//描述服务器的socket
	struct sockaddr_in server_addr;

	//指定服务器端的ip，本地测试：127.0.0.1
	//inet_addr()函数，将点分十进制IP转换成网络字节序IP
	//server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");

	char buffer[200];

	int udpClientSocket;

	

	//判断socket是否失败
	if ((udpClientSocket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) < 0)
	{
		printf("socketError = %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
		return ERROR;
	}
	printf("udpClientSocket的值为：%d\n", udpClientSocket);	

	//初始化服务器地址
	memset(&server_addr, 0, sizeof(server_addr));

	//初始化服务器端套接字并用htons和htonl将端口和地址转成网络字节序
	server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
	server_addr.sin_port = htons(SERVER_PORT);

	//ip可以是本服务器的ip，也可以用宏INADDR_ANY代替，代表0.0.0.0，表明所有地址，自动绑定ip
	server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");

	printf("服务器地址为：%d\n", server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr);
	

	while (1)
	{
		memset(buffer, 0, sizeof(buffer));
		printf("发送消息:");
		scanf("%s", buffer);
		printf("\n");

		socklen_t len = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);

		//int udpSendto;
		if (sendto(udpClientSocket, buffer, sizeof(buffer), 0, (struct sockaddr*)&server_addr, len) < 0)
		{
			printf("sendtoError = %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
			perror("sendtoError");
			return ERROR;
		}
		memset(buffer, 0, sizeof(buffer));
		//增加退出机制
		if (strcmp(buffer, "quit") == 0)
			break;


		printf("读取消息：");

		//if (recvfrom(udpClientSocket, buffer, sizeof(buffer), 0, NULL, NULL) < 0) 此处后两个参数也可以是NULL
		if (recvfrom(udpClientSocket, buffer, sizeof(buffer), 0, (struct sockaddr*)&server_addr, &len) < 0)
		{
			printf("recvfromError = %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
			return ERROR;
		}
		printf("%s\n", buffer);
		memset(buffer, 0, sizeof(buffer));
		//增加退出机制
		if (strcmp(buffer, "quit") == 0)
			break;

	}
	close(udpClientSocket);
	return 0;
}

服务器端：

#include <sys/stat.h>

#include <fcntl.h>

#include <errno.h>

#include <winsock2.h>
#pragma comment(lib,"ws2_32.lib")

#include <sys/types.h>

#include <Ws2tcpip.h>

#include <stdio.h>

#include <string.h>

#include <stdlib.h>

#include <io.h>
#include <process.h>

#define SERVER_PORT 6677
#define ERROR -1

int main()
{
	int udpServerSocket;

	struct sockaddr_in server_addr;

	struct sockaddr_in client_addr;

	//启动wsaData服务
	WSADATA wsaData;
	if (WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsaData) != 0) {
		perror("WSADATA失败");
	}

	//判断socket是否失败
	if ((udpServerSocket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) < 0)
	{
		printf("socketError = %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
		return ERROR;
	}
	printf("udpServerSocket的值为：%d\n", udpServerSocket);

	//初始化地址
	memset(&server_addr, 0, sizeof(server_addr));
	memset(&client_addr, 0, sizeof(client_addr));

	//初始化服务器端套接字并用htons和htonl将端口和地址转成网络字节序
	server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;

	server_addr.sin_port = htons(SERVER_PORT);

	//ip可以是本服务器的ip，也可以用宏INADDR_ANY代替，代表0.0.0.0，表明所有地址
	server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);

	//判断bind是否失败
	int udpBind;
	if (udpBind = bind(udpServerSocket, (struct sockaddr*)&server_addr, sizeof(server_addr)) < 0)
	{
		printf("bindError = %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
		return ERROR;
	}
	printf("udpBind的值为：%d\n", udpBind);

	while (1)
	{
		printf("监听端口：%d\n", SERVER_PORT);

		char buffer[200];
		memset(buffer, 0, sizeof(buffer));

		printf("读取消息：");

		socklen_t client_addr_len = sizeof(client_addr);
		if (recvfrom(udpServerSocket, buffer, sizeof(buffer), 0, (struct sockaddr*)&client_addr, &client_addr_len) < 0)
		{
			printf("recvfromError = %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
			return ERROR;
		}
		printf("%s\n", buffer);

		//增加退出机制
		if (strcmp(buffer, "quit") == 0)
			break;
		memset(buffer, 0, sizeof(buffer));
		

		printf("发送消息:");
		scanf("%s", buffer);
		printf("\n");

		int udpSendto;
		if (udpSendto = (sendto(udpServerSocket, buffer, sizeof(buffer), 0, (struct sockaddr*)&client_addr, client_addr_len)) < 0)
		{
			printf("sendtoError = %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
			return ERROR;
		}
		memset(buffer, 0, sizeof(buffer));

		//增加退出机制
		if (strcmp(buffer, "quit") == 0)
			break;
	}
	close(udpServerSocket);
	return 0;
}