官方文档：Qt for Python 信号和槽

本文介绍了Qt for Python中信号和插槽的使用。重点说明新式信号和槽的使用，传统语法也作为参考。
原文链接： https://wiki.qt.io/Qt_for_Python_Signals_and_Slots

传统语法: SIGNAL () 和 SLOT()

使用QtCore.SIGNAL（）和QtCore.SLOT（）宏。

下面的示例使用来自QPushButton的单击信号。 connect方法具有非python友好语法。必须通知对象，其信号（通过宏）和要连接的槽函数。

import sys
from PySide2.QtWidgets import QApplication, QPushButton
from PySide2.QtCore import SIGNAL, QObject

def func():
    print("func has been called!")

app = QApplication(sys.argv)
button = QPushButton("Call func")
QObject.connect(button, SIGNAL ('clicked()'), func)
button.show()                                                                                             

sys.exit(app.exec_())

新语法: Signal() and Slot()

使用不同的语法来创建和连接信号和槽。前面的示例可以重写为：

import sys
from PySide2.QtWidgets import QApplication, QPushButton

def func():
 print("func has been called!")

app = QApplication(sys.argv)
button = QPushButton("Call func")
button.clicked.connect(func)
button.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())

使用 QtCore.Signal()

可以使用QtCore.Signal（）定义信号。可以将Python类型和C类型作为参数传递给它。如果需要重载，只需将类型作为元组或列表传递。
之外，它还可以接受定义信号名称的参数。如果没有传递任何名称作为参数，则新信号将与为其分配的变量具有相同的名称。
下面的示例提供了有关QtCore.Signal（）使用方法。
注意：只能在QObject继承的类中定义信号。这样，信号信息将添加到类QMetaObject结构中。

使用QtCore.Slot()

使用装饰器QtCore.Slot()分配和重载槽函数。同样，要定义签名，只需传递类似QtCore.Signal()的参数类型。与Signal()类不同，要重载函数，您不必将每个变量都作为元组或列表传递。而是必须为每个不同的签名定义一个新的装饰器。

另一个区别是关键字。 Slot()接受名称和结果。 result关键字定义了将返回的类型，可以是C或Python类型。名称的行为与Signal()中的行为相同。如果没有传递任何名称作为名称，则新槽函数将与正在装饰的函数具有相同的名称。

示例

以下示例说明了如何在PySide2中定义和连接信号和槽。给出了基本连接和复杂的连接。

基本示例

如何将信号连接到没有任何参数的插槽。

import sys
from PySide2 import QtCore, QtGui

# define a function that will be used as a slot
def sayHello():
 print 'Hello world!'

app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv)

button = QtGui.QPushButton('Say hello!')

# connect the clicked signal to the sayHello slot
button.clicked.connect(sayHello)
button.show()

sys.exit(app.exec_())

添加参数

这是经过修改的Hello World版本。一些参数被添加到槽中并创建一个新信号。

import sys                                                                  
from PySide2.QtWidgets import QApplication, QPushButton                     
from PySide2.QtCore import QObject, Signal, Slot                            
                                                                            
app = QApplication(sys.argv)                                                
                                                                            
# define a new slot that receives a string and has                          
# 'saySomeWords' as its name                                                
@Slot(str)                                                                  
def say_some_words(words):                                                  
    print(words)                                                               
                                                                            
class Communicate(QObject):                                                 
 # create a new signal on the fly and name it 'speak'                       
 speak = Signal(str)                                                        
                                                                            
someone = Communicate()                                                     
# connect signal and slot                                                   
someone.speak.connect(say_some_words)                                         
# emit 'speak' signal                                                         
someone.speak.emit("Hello everybody!")

添加重载

对前面的示例进行了小的修改，现在带有重载的装饰器。

import sys                                                                  
from PySide2.QtWidgets import QApplication, QPushButton                     
from PySide2.QtCore import QObject, Signal, Slot                            
                                                                            
app = QApplication(sys.argv)                                                
                                                                            
# define a new slot that receives a C 'int' or a 'str'                      
# and has 'saySomething' as its name                                        
@Slot(int)                                                                  
@Slot(str)                                                                  
def say_something(stuff):                                                   
    print(stuff)                                                            
                                                                            
class Communicate(QObject):                                                 
    # create two new signals on the fly: one will handle                    
    # int type, the other will handle strings                               
    speak_number = Signal(int)                                              
    speak_word = Signal(str)                                                  
                                                                            
someone = Communicate()                                                     
# connect signal and slot properly                                          
someone.speak_number.connect(say_something)                                 
someone.speak_word.connect(say_something)                                   
# emit each 'speak' signal                                                  
someone.speak_number.emit(10)                                               
someone.speak_word.emit("Hello everybody!")

槽函数重载和更复杂的信号连接和发射的示例

注意，将参数传递给信号时，请使用 [ ]：

import sys
from PySide2.QtWidgets import QApplication, QPushButton
from PySide2.QtCore import QObject, Signal, Slot

app = QApplication(sys.argv)

# define a new slot that receives a C 'int' or a 'str'
# and has 'saySomething' as its name
@Slot(int)
@Slot(str)
def say_something(stuff):
    print(stuff)

class Communicate(QObject):
    # create two new signals on the fly: one will handle
    # int type, the other will handle strings
    speak = Signal((int,), (str,))

someone = Communicate()
# connect signal and slot. As 'int' is the default
# we have to specify the str when connecting the
# second signal
someone.speak.connect(say_something)
someone.speak[str].connect(say_something)

# emit 'speak' signal with different arguments.
# we have to specify the str as int is the default
someone.speak.emit(10)
someone.speak[str].emit("Hello everybody!")

发出信号的对象方法示例

import sys                                                                  
from PySide2.QtCore import QObject, Signal                                  
                                                                            
# Must inherit QObject for signals                                          
class Communicate(QObject):                                                 
    speak = Signal()                                                        
              
    def __init__(self):                                                     
        super(Communicate, self).__init__()    
        self.speak.connect(self.say_hello)                             
                                                                            
    def speaking_method(self):                                              
        self.speak.emit()   

    def say_hello(self):
        print("Hello")                                                

                                                                            
someone = Communicate()                                                 
someone.speaking_method()

从另一个线程发出信号的示例：

import sys                                                                  
from PySide2.QtCore import QObject, Slot, Signal, QThread                                  

# Create the Slots that will receive signals
@Slot(str)
def update_a_str_field(message):
    print(message)

@Slot(int)
def update_a_int_field(self, value):
    print(value)

# Signals must inherit QObject                              
class Communicate(QObject):                                                 
    signal_str = Signal(str)
    signal_int = Signal(int)

class WorkerThread(QThread):
    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        QThread.__init__(self, parent)
        self.signals = Communicate()
        # Connect the signals to the main thread slots
        self.signals.signal_str.connect(parent.update_a_str_field)
        self.signals.signal_int.connect(parent.update_a_int_field)

    def run(self):
        self.signals.update_a_int_field.emit(1)
        self.signals.update_a_str_field.emit("Hello World.")

信号是实例拥有的运行时对象，不是类属性

# Erroneous: refers to class Communicate, not an instance of the class
Communicate.speak.connect(say_something)
# raises exception: AttributeError: 'PySide2.QtCore.Signal' object has no attribute 'connect'