使用WinINet和WinHTTP实现Http访问

 

Http访问有两种方式，GET和POST，就编程来说GET方式相对简单点，它不用向服务器提交数据，在这个例程中我使用POST方式，提交数据value1与value2，并从服务器得到他们的和（value1 + value2）。

为实现Http访问，微软提供了二套API：WinINet, WinHTTP。WinHTTP比WinINet更加安全和健壮，可以这么认为WinHTTP是WinINet的升级版本。这两套API包含了很多相似的函数与宏定义，呵呵，详细对比请查阅msdn中的文章“Porting WinINet Applications to WinHTTP”，在线MSDN连接：http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa384068.aspx。在这个例程中，通过一个宏的设置来决定是使用WinHttp还是WinINet。代码如下:

#define USE_WINHTTP      //Comment this line to user wininet.

下面来说说实现Http访问的流程（两套API都一样的流程）：

1， 首先我们打开一个Session获得一个HINTERNET session句柄；

2， 然后我们使用这个session句柄与服务器连接得到一个HINTERNET connect句柄；

3， 然后我们使用这个connect句柄来打开Http 请求得到一个HINTERNET request句柄；

4， 这时我们就可以使用这个request句柄来发送数据与读取从服务器返回的数据；

5， 最后依次关闭request，connect，session句柄。

 

在这个例程中以上各个流程都进行了简单封装，以便对比两套API函数的些许差异。下面让源代码说话，原工程是一个windows控制台工程，你可以很容易通过拷贝代码重建工程。

 

另：如果你从服务器得到的返回数据是utf8格式的文本数据，你将需要对返回的数据进行转换才能正确显示中文，日文等。仅供参考，转换为ATL CStringW的函数见下：

CStringW GetStringWFromUtf8(const std::string& str)
{
    int len = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, str.c_str(), int(str.length()), 0, 0);

    CStringW buf;
    WCHAR*    dd = buf.GetBuffer(len);

    len = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, str.c_str(), int(str.length()), dd, len);

    buf.ReleaseBuffer(len);

    return buf;
}

 

完整代码如下：

#include "stdafx.h"
#include <windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#define _ATL_CSTRING_EXPLICIT_CONSTRUCTORS
#include <atlbase.h>
#include <atlstr.h>

#define USE_WINHTTP    //Comment this line to user wininet.
#ifdef USE_WINHTTP
#include <winhttp.h>
#pragma comment(lib, "winhttp.lib")
#else
#include <wininet.h>
#pragma comment(lib, "wininet.lib")
#endif
#define BUF_SIZE    (1024)


// CrackedUrl
class CrackedUrl {
	int m_scheme;
	CStringW m_host;
	int m_port;
	CStringW m_path;
public:
	CrackedUrl(LPCWSTR url)
	{
		URL_COMPONENTS uc = { 0};
		uc.dwStructSize = sizeof(uc);

		const DWORD BUF_LEN = 256;

		WCHAR host[BUF_LEN];
		uc.lpszHostName = host;
		uc.dwHostNameLength = BUF_LEN;

		WCHAR path[BUF_LEN];
		uc.lpszUrlPath = path;
		uc.dwUrlPathLength = BUF_LEN;

		WCHAR extra[BUF_LEN];
		uc.lpszExtraInfo = extra;
		uc.dwExtraInfoLength = BUF_LEN;

#ifdef USE_WINHTTP
		if (!WinHttpCrackUrl(url, 0, ICU_ESCAPE, &uc)) {
			printf("Error:WinHttpCrackUrl failed!/n");
		}

#else
		if (!InternetCrackUrl(url, 0, ICU_ESCAPE, &uc)) {
			printf("Error:InternetCrackUrl failed!/n");
		}
#endif
		m_scheme = uc.nScheme;
		m_host = host;
		m_port = uc.nPort;
		m_path = path;
	}

	int GetScheme() const
	{
		return m_scheme;
	}

	LPCWSTR GetHostName() const
	{
		return m_host;
	}

	int GetPort() const
	{
		return m_port;
	}

	LPCWSTR GetPath() const
	{
		return m_path;
	}

	static CStringA UrlEncode(const char* p)
	{
		if (p == 0) {
			return CStringA();
		}

		CStringA buf;

		for (;;) {
			int ch = (BYTE) (*(p++));
			if (ch == '/0') {
				break;
			}

			if (isalnum(ch) || ch == '_' || ch == '-' || ch == '.') {
				buf += (char)ch;
			}
			else if (ch == ' ') {
				buf += '+';
			}
			else {
				char c[16];
				wsprintfA(c, "%%%02X", ch);
				buf += c;
			}
		}

		return buf;
	}
};

// CrackedUrl
HINTERNET OpenSession(LPCWSTR userAgent = 0)
{
#ifdef USE_WINHTTP
	return WinHttpOpen(userAgent, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);;
#else
	return InternetOpen(userAgent, INTERNET_OPEN_TYPE_PRECONFIG, NULL, NULL, 0);
#endif
}

HINTERNET Connect(HINTERNET hSession, LPCWSTR serverAddr, int portNo)
{
#ifdef USE_WINHTTP
	return WinHttpConnect(hSession, serverAddr, (INTERNET_PORT) portNo, 0);
#else
	return InternetConnect(hSession, serverAddr, portNo, NULL, NULL, INTERNET_SERVICE_HTTP, 0, 0);
#endif
}

HINTERNET OpenRequest(HINTERNET hConnect, LPCWSTR verb, LPCWSTR objectName, int scheme)
{
	DWORD flags = 0;
#ifdef USE_WINHTTP
	if (scheme == INTERNET_SCHEME_HTTPS) {
		flags |= WINHTTP_FLAG_SECURE;
	}

	return WinHttpOpenRequest(hConnect, verb, objectName, NULL, NULL, NULL, flags);

#else
	if (scheme == INTERNET_SCHEME_HTTPS) {
		flags |= INTERNET_FLAG_SECURE;
	}

	return HttpOpenRequest(hConnect, verb, objectName, NULL, NULL, NULL, flags, 0);
#endif
}

BOOL AddRequestHeaders(HINTERNET hRequest, LPCWSTR header)
{
	SIZE_T len = lstrlenW(header);
#ifdef USE_WINHTTP
	return WinHttpAddRequestHeaders(hRequest, header, DWORD(len), WINHTTP_ADDREQ_FLAG_ADD);
#else
	return HttpAddRequestHeaders(hRequest, header, DWORD(len), HTTP_ADDREQ_FLAG_ADD);
#endif
}

BOOL SendRequest(HINTERNET hRequest, const void* body, DWORD size)
{
#ifdef USE_WINHTTP
	return WinHttpSendRequest(hRequest, 0, 0, const_cast<void*>(body), size, size, 0);
#else
	return HttpSendRequest(hRequest, 0, 0, const_cast<void*>(body), size);
#endif
}

BOOL EndRequest(HINTERNET hRequest)
{
#ifdef USE_WINHTTP
	return WinHttpReceiveResponse(hRequest, 0);
#else
	// if you use HttpSendRequestEx to send request then use HttpEndRequest in here!
	return TRUE;
#endif
}

BOOL QueryInfo(HINTERNET hRequest, int queryId, char* szBuf, DWORD* pdwSize)
{
#ifdef USE_WINHTTP
	return WinHttpQueryHeaders(hRequest, (DWORD) queryId, 0, szBuf, pdwSize, 0);
#else
	return HttpQueryInfo(hRequest, queryId, szBuf, pdwSize, 0);
#endif
}

BOOL ReadData(HINTERNET hRequest, void* buffer, DWORD length, DWORD* cbRead)
{
#ifdef USE_WINHTTP
	return WinHttpReadData(hRequest, buffer, length, cbRead);
#else
	return InternetReadFile(hRequest, buffer, length, cbRead);
#endif
}

void CloseInternetHandle(HINTERNET hInternet)
{
	if (hInternet)
	{
#ifdef USE_WINHTTP
		WinHttpCloseHandle(hInternet);
#else
		InternetCloseHandle(hInternet);
#endif
	}
}

int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
	HINTERNET hSession = 0;
	HINTERNET hConnect = 0;
	HINTERNET hRequest = 0;
	CStringW strHeader(L"Content-type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded/r/n");

	// Test data
	CrackedUrl crackedUrl(L"http://www.easy-creator.net/test2/add.asp");
	CStringA strPostData("value1=10&value2=14");

	// Open session.
	hSession = OpenSession(L"HttpPost by l_zhaohui@163.com");
	if (hSession == NULL) {
		printf("Error:Open session!/n");
		return -1;
	}

	// Connect.
	hConnect = Connect(hSession, crackedUrl.GetHostName(), crackedUrl.GetPort());
	if (hConnect == NULL) {
		printf("Error:Connect failed!/n");
		return -1;
	}

	// Open request.
	hRequest = OpenRequest(hConnect, L"POST", crackedUrl.GetPath(), crackedUrl.GetScheme());
	if (hRequest == NULL) {
		printf("Error:OpenRequest failed!/n");
		return -1;
	}

	// Add request header.
	if (!AddRequestHeaders(hRequest, strHeader)) {
		printf("Error:AddRequestHeaders failed!/n");
		return -1;
	}

	// Send post data.
	if (!SendRequest(hRequest, (const char*)strPostData, strPostData.GetLength())) {
		printf("Error:SendRequest failed!/n");
		return -1;
	}

	// End request
	if (!EndRequest(hRequest)) {
		printf("Error:EndRequest failed!/n");
		return -1;
	}

	char szBuf[BUF_SIZE+1];
	DWORD dwSize = 0;
	szBuf[0] = 0;

	// Query header info.
#ifdef USE_WINHTTP
	int contextLengthId = WINHTTP_QUERY_CONTENT_LENGTH;
	int statusCodeId = WINHTTP_QUERY_STATUS_CODE;
	int statusTextId = WINHTTP_QUERY_STATUS_TEXT;
#else
	int contextLengthId = HTTP_QUERY_CONTENT_LENGTH;
	int statusCodeId = HTTP_QUERY_STATUS_CODE;
	int statusTextId = HTTP_QUERY_STATUS_TEXT;
#endif
	dwSize = BUF_SIZE;
	if (QueryInfo(hRequest, contextLengthId, szBuf, &dwSize)) {
		szBuf[dwSize] = 0;
		printf("Content length:[%s]/n", szBuf);
	}

	dwSize = BUF_SIZE;
	if (QueryInfo(hRequest, statusCodeId, szBuf, &dwSize)) {
		szBuf[dwSize] = 0;
		printf("Status code:[%s]/n", szBuf);
	}

	dwSize = BUF_SIZE;
	if (QueryInfo(hRequest, statusTextId, szBuf, &dwSize)) {
		szBuf[dwSize] = 0;
		printf("Status text:[%s]/n", szBuf);
	}

	// read data.
	for (;;) {
		dwSize = BUF_SIZE;
		if (ReadData(hRequest, szBuf, dwSize, &dwSize) == FALSE) {
			break;
		}

		if (dwSize <= 0) {
			break;
		}

		szBuf[dwSize] = 0;
		printf("%s/n", szBuf);    //Output value = value1 + value2
	}

	CloseInternetHandle(hRequest);
	CloseInternetHandle(hConnect);
	CloseInternetHandle(hSession);

	return 0;
}