阻塞队列:线程安全
按 FIFO(先进先出)排序元素。队列的头部 是在队列中时间最长的元素。队列的尾部 是在队列中时间最短的元素。新元素插入到队列的尾部,并且队列检索操作会获得位于队列头部的元素。链接队列的吞吐量通常要高于基于数组的队列,但是在大多数并发应用程序中,其可预知的性能要低。
注意:
1、必须要使用take()方法在获取的时候达成阻塞结果
2、使用poll()方法将产生非阻塞效果
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService; import java.util.concurrent.Executors; import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingDeque; import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; public class BlockingDeque { //阻塞队列,FIFO private static LinkedBlockingQueue<Integer> concurrentLinkedQueue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<Integer>(); public static void main(String[] args) { ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2); executorService.submit(new Producer("producer1")); executorService.submit(new Producer("producer2")); executorService.submit(new Producer("producer3")); executorService.submit(new Consumer("consumer1")); executorService.submit(new Consumer("consumer2")); executorService.submit(new Consumer("consumer3")); } static class Producer implements Runnable { private String name; public Producer(String name) { this.name = name; } public void run() { for (int i = 1; i < 10; ++i) { System.out.println(name+ " 生产: " + i); //concurrentLinkedQueue.add(i); try { concurrentLinkedQueue.put(i); Thread.sleep(200); //模拟慢速的生产,产生阻塞的效果 } catch (InterruptedException e1) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e1.printStackTrace(); } } } } static class Consumer implements Runnable { private String name; public Consumer(String name) { this.name = name; } public void run() { for (int i = 1; i < 10; ++i) { try { //必须要使用take()方法在获取的时候阻塞 System.out.println(name+"消费: " + concurrentLinkedQueue.take()); //使用poll()方法 将产生非阻塞效果 //System.out.println(name+"消费: " + concurrentLinkedQueue.poll()); //还有一个超时的用法,队列空时,指定阻塞时间后返回,不会一直阻塞 //但有一个疑问,既然可以不阻塞,为啥还叫阻塞队列? //System.out.println(name+" Consumer " + concurrentLinkedQueue.poll(300, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)); } catch (Exception e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } } } }
非阻塞队列
基于链接节点的、无界的、线程安全。此队列按照 FIFO(先进先出)原则对元素进行排序。队列的头部 是队列中时间最长的元素。队列的尾部 是队列中时间最短的元素。新的元素插入到队列的尾部,队列检索操作从队列头部获得元素。当许多线程共享访问一个公共 collection 时,ConcurrentLinkedQueue 是一个恰当的选择。此队列不允许 null 元素。
例子
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentLinkedQueue; import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService; import java.util.concurrent.Executors; import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingDeque; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; public class NoBlockQueue { private static ConcurrentLinkedQueue<Integer> concurrentLinkedQueue = new ConcurrentLinkedQueue<Integer>(); public static void main(String[] args) { ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2); executorService.submit(new Producer("producer1")); executorService.submit(new Producer("producer2")); executorService.submit(new Producer("producer3")); executorService.submit(new Consumer("consumer1")); executorService.submit(new Consumer("consumer2")); executorService.submit(new Consumer("consumer3")); } static class Producer implements Runnable { private String name; public Producer(String name) { this.name = name; } public void run() { for (int i = 1; i < 10; ++i) { System.out.println(name+ " start producer " + i); concurrentLinkedQueue.add(i); try { Thread.sleep(20); } catch (InterruptedException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } //System.out.println(name+"end producer " + i); } } } static class Consumer implements Runnable { private String name; public Consumer(String name) { this.name = name; } public void run() { for (int i = 1; i < 10; ++i) { try { System.out.println(name+" Consumer " + concurrentLinkedQueue.poll()); } catch (Exception e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } // System.out.println(); // System.out.println(name+" end Consumer " + i); } } } }
在并发编程中,一般推荐使用阻塞队列,这样实现可以尽量地避免程序出现意外的错误。阻塞队列使用最经典的场景就是socket客户端数据的读取和解析,读取数据的线程不断将数据放入队列,然后解析线程不断从队列取数据解析。还有其他类似的场景,只要符合生产者-消费者模型的都可以使用阻塞队列。
使用非阻塞队列,虽然能即时返回结果(消费结果),但必须自行编码解决返回为空的情况处理(以及消费重试等问题)。
另外他们都是线程安全的,不用考虑线程同步问题。