Max Sum in circularly situated Values

Max Sum in circularly situated Values

This question was asked first in FACEBOOK On Campus for Internship.

There are N trees in a circle. Each tree has a fruit value associated with it.  

A bird can sit on a tree for 0.5 sec and then bird have to move to a neighboring tree. It takes the bird 0.5 seconds to move from one tree to another. The bird gets the fruit value when she sits on a tree. 

We are given N and M (the number of seconds the bird has), and the fruit values of the trees. We have to maximize the total fruit value that the bird can gather. The bird can start from any tree.

Solution 

First lets think for data structure to use.

Here we have a tree with fruit value. No need to think deep for tree and traversal, we can simply create a node with value.

They are in circular, hence we can think of circular queue or array or linkelist.

as Circular Array is easiest one, We can take it. 

Queue is also not needed as no need for front and rear.

Now In circular array we have fruit values.

What we need to find is maximum sum of fruits which bird can traverse.

As bird takes 0.5 seconds to fetch value of fruit and 0.5 seconds to move to another Tree.

We can say is bird can traverse 1 node in 1 sec.

So if bird has X seconds, bird can traverse to X Trees.

Main Problem Statement : Hence Finally we need to get a Window of size X in Circular Array such that sum of the values of the Window is maximum.

Solution : 

#include<stdio.h>

#include<math.h>

int maxTreeSum(int a[], int size, int windowsize)

{

   int max_so_far = 0, max_wind_start = -1;

   int i,j,sum=0;

    int w = windowsize;

   int n = size;

   for(i=0;i<n;i++){

       for(j=0;j<w;j++){

           sum=sum+a[(j+i)%n];

       }

       if(max_so_far < sum){ max_wind_start=i ;max_so_far = sum; }

       sum=0;

   }

   printf("Max sum resulting window");

   j=max_wind_start;

   

   while(w--){

        printf(" %d",a[j%n]);

        j++;

    }

    printf("\n");

   return max_so_far;

}

int main()

{

   int a[] = {2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 1, 5, 3}; //fruit values

   int n = sizeof(a)/sizeof(a[0]); // n

   int s = 3; // Bird has 3 seconds

   /* As Bird has 3 seconds it can stay at node for 0.5 sec + 0.5 sec to go to 

   next node so bird can traverse 1 node in 1 sec 

   hence in 3 seconds bird can traverse 3 node*/

   int max_sum = maxTreeSum(a, n, s);

   printf("Maximum contiguous sum is %d\n", max_sum);

    return 0;

}

See code at  http://ideone.com/f7IdMR

Thanks  Dhaval for preparing this article.

O(NM) is time complexity for above code.

Solution 2)

Optimized Solution with DP : 

- Keep one Array of size of N

- Each index will carry the fruit value of next S values.

- Instead of Loop 

 for(i=0;i<n;i++){

       for(j=0;j<w;j++){

           sum=sum+a[(j+i)%n];

        }

 }

Try to keep a loop with another Array as explained in Below diagram.
First circular array is with fruit value.
Second circular array is with next all fruit values which a window of size S contains.

Instead storing smaller values as shown in diagram, we can store always maximum
eg 9,9,9..10,10

Idea here is to eliminate second loop of j to calculate sum of fruit values every time.
When we know that in next sum only last index value subtracted and next index value will be added

Solution from users awaited.

Solution 3 : 
Instead using Another array in Solution 2) Keep only one variable max_so_far.
For i=0, calculate sum of fruits for next windows ( ie. if window is set 3 , then do)

f or i=0,1,2  calculate 
max_so_far = a[0]+a[1]+a[2]; 
then for each i = 1 to n do following
sum = max_so_far - a[i-1] + a[i+w-1];
if (sum < max_so_far ) {
....
}

-> Basically instead searching every time in loop for sum or storing into auxiliary array. we fetched sum in one variable.

Complexity : O(N)
Space Complexity : O(1)