高级编程技术 课后作业八（第4周）

8-1 消息 ：编写一个名为display_message() 的函数，它打印一个句子，指出你在本章学的是什么。调用这个函数，确认显示的消息正确无误。

def display_message():
    print("What I learnt in this chapter is 'Function'.")
	
display_message()

What I learnt in this chapter is 'Function'.

8-2 喜欢的图书 ：编写一个名为favorite_book() 的函数，其中包含一个名为title 的形参。这个函数打印一条消息，如One of my favorite books is Alice in Wonderland 。调用这个函数，并将一本图书的名称作为实参传递给它。

def favorite_book(title):
    print("One of my favorite books is " + title + ".")
	
favorite_book("Alice in Wonderland")

One of my favorite books is Alice in Wonderland.

8-3 T恤 ：编写一个名为make_shirt() 的函数，它接受一个尺码以及要印到T恤上的字样。这个函数应打印一个句子，概要地说明T恤的尺码和字样。使用位置实参调用这个函数来制作一件T恤；再使用关键字实参来调用这个函数。

def make_shirt(size, pattern):
    message = "The shirt's size is " + size
    message += " and pattern is " + pattern + "."
    print(message)
	
make_shirt('L','GG')
make_shirt(pattern = "GL HF", size = 'XL')
	

The shirt's size is L and pattern is GG.
The shirt's size is XL and pattern is GL HF.

8-4 大号T恤 ：修改函数make_shirt() ，使其在默认情况下制作一件印有字样“I love Python”的大号T恤。调用这个函数来制作如下T恤：一件印有默认字样的大号T恤、一件印有默认字样的中号T恤和一件印有其他字样的T恤（尺码无关紧要）。

def make_shirt(size, pattern = "I love Python"):
    message = "The shirt's size is " + size
    message += " and pattern is " + pattern + "."
    print(message)
	
make_shirt('L')
make_shirt('M')
make_shirt('XL','PHP is the best')

The shirt's size is L and pattern is I love Python.
The shirt's size is M and pattern is I love Python.
The shirt's size is XL and pattern is PHP is the best.

8-5 城市 ：编写一个名为describe_city() 的函数，它接受一座城市的名字以及该城市所属的国家。这个函数应打印一个简单的句子，如Reykjavik is in Iceland 。给用于存储国家的形参指定默认值。为三座不同的城市调用这个函数，且其中至少有一座城市不属于默认国家。

def describe_city(city, country = "China"):
    print(city + " is in " + country, end = '.\n')
	
describe_city("Reykjavik","Iceland")
describe_city("Beijing")
describe_city("New York","The United States")

Reykjavik is in Iceland.
Beijing is in China.
New York is in The United States.

8-6 城市名 ：编写一个名为city_country() 的函数，它接受城市的名称及其所属的国家。这个函数应返回一个格式类似于下面这样的字符串："Santiago, Chile"。

def city_country(city, country):
    return city + ", " + country
	
print(city_country("Santiago", "Chile"))
print(city_country("Beijing", "China"))
print(city_country("Tokyo", "Japan"))

Reykjavik is in Iceland.
Beijing is in China.
New York is in The United States.

8-7 专辑 ：编写一个名为make_album() 的函数，它创建一个描述音乐专辑的字典。这个函数应接受歌手的名字和专辑名，并返回一个包含这两项信息的字典。使用这个函数创建三个表示不同专辑的字典，并打印每个返回的值，以核实字典正确地存储了专辑的信息。给函数make_album() 添加一个可选形参，以便能够存储专辑包含的歌曲数。如果调用这个函数时指定了歌曲数，就将这个值添加到表示专辑的字典中。调用这个

函数，并至少在一次调用中指定专辑包含的歌曲数。

def make_album(singer, album, songs = ''):
    album_info = {'singer': singer, 'album': album} 
    if songs:
	album_info['songs'] = songs
    return album_info
	
print(make_album("Maksim","New Silk Road",7))
print(make_album("Tamas Wells","THE PLANTATION"))
print(make_album("Jackson Turner","Long Time Coming",5))

{'singer': 'Maksim', 'album': 'New Silk Road', 'songs': 7}
{'singer': 'Tamas Wells', 'album': 'THE PLANTATION'}
{'singer': 'Jackson Turner', 'album': 'Long Time Coming', 'songs': 5}

8-8 用户的专辑 ：在为完成练习8-7编写的程序中，编写一个while 循环，让用户输入一个专辑的歌手和名称。获取这些信息后，使用它们来调用函数make_album() ，并将创建的字典打印出来。在这个while 循环中，务必要提供退出途径。

def make_album(singer, album, songs = ''):
    album_info = {'singer': singer, 'album': album} 
    if songs:
	album_info['songs'] = songs
    return album_info

while True:
    print("\nPlease tell me the singer's name.", end='')
    print("(enter 'q' at any time to quit)")
    singer = input("The singer's name: ")
    if singer == 'q':
	break
		
    print("\nPlease tell me the album's name.", end='')
    print("enter 'q' at any time to quit)")
    album = input("The album's name: ")
    if album == 'q':
	break
	
    album_info = make_album(singer, album)
    message = "\nThe singer," + album_info['singer']
    message += " 's album is " + album_info['album'] + "."
    print(message)

Please tell me the singer's name.(enter 'q' at any time to quit)
The singer's name: Maksim

Please tell me the album's name.enter 'q' at any time to quit)
The album's name: New Silk Road

The singer,Maksim 's album is New Silk Road.

Please tell me the singer's name.(enter 'q' at any time to quit)
The singer's name: Jackson Turner

Please tell me the album's name.enter 'q' at any time to quit)
The album's name: Long Time Coming

The singer,Jackson Turner 's album is Long Time Coming.

Please tell me the singer's name.(enter 'q' at any time to quit)
The singer's name: q

8-10 了了不不起起的的魔魔术术师师 ：在你为完成练习8-9而编写的程序中，编写一个名为make_great() 的函数，对魔术师列表进行修改，在每个魔术师的名字中都加入字样“the Great”。调用函数show_magicians() ，确认魔术师列表确实变了。

def show_magicians(magicians):
    for magician in magicians:
	print(magician)
		
def make_great(magicians):
    for i in range(len(magicians)):
	magicians[i] = "the Great " + magicians[i]
		
magicians = ["David Blaine", "David Copperfield", "Criss Angel"]

make_great(magicians)
show_magicians(magicians)

8-11 不不变变的的魔魔术术师师 ：修改你为完成练习8-10而编写的程序，在调用函数make_great() 时，向它传递魔术师列表的副本。由于不想修改原始列表，请返回修改后的列表，并将其存储到另一个列表中。分别使用这两个列表来调用show_magicians() ，确认一个列表包含的是原来的魔术师名字，而另一个列表包含的是添加了字样“the Great”的魔术师名字。

def show_magicians(magicians):
    for magician in magicians:
	print(magician)
		
def make_great(magicians):
    for i in range(len(magicians)):
	magicians[i] = "the Great " + magicians[i]
    return magicians
		
magicians = ["David Blaine", "David Copperfield", "Criss Angel"]

show_magicians(make_great(magicians[:]))
print()
show_magicians(magicians)

the Great David Blaine
the Great David Copperfield
the Great Criss Angel

David Blaine
David Copperfield
Criss Angel

8-12 三明治 ：编写一个函数，它接受顾客要在三明治中添加的一系列食材。这个函数只有一个形参（它收集函数调用中提供的所有食材），并打印一条消息，对顾客点的三明治进行概述。调用这个函数三次，每次都提供不同数量的实参。

def make_sandwich(*ingredients):
    print("\nThis sandwich is made of the following ingredients:")
    for ingredient in ingredients:
	print("- " + ingredient)

make_sandwich("vegetable salad")
make_sandwich("vegetable salad","pastrami")
make_sandwich("vegetable salad","pastrami","tuna")

This sandwich is made of the following ingredients:
- vegetable salad

This sandwich is made of the following ingredients:
- vegetable salad
- pastrami

This sandwich is made of the following ingredients:
- vegetable salad
- pastrami
- tuna

8-13 用户简介 ：复制前面的程序user_profile.py，在其中调用build_profile() 来创建有关你的简介；调用这个函数时，指定你的名和姓，以及三个描述你的键-值对。

def build_profile(first, last, **user_info):
    profile = {}
    profile['first_name'] = first
    profile['last_name'] = last 
    for key, value in user_info.items():
        profile[key] = value
    return profile

user_profile = build_profile('Wu','Yuezhou',location='China',age='21',gender='male')

print(user_profile)

{'first_name': 'Wu', 'last_name': 'Yuezhou', 'location': 'China', 'age': '21', 'gender': 'male'}

8-14 汽车 ：编写一个函数，将一辆汽车的信息存储在一个字典中。这个函数总是接受制造商和型号，还接受任意数量的关键字实参。这样调用这个函数：提供必不可少的信息，以及两个名称—值对，如颜色和选装配件。

def make_car(manufacturer, model, **cars_info):
    car = {}
    car['manufacturer'] = manufacturer
    car['model'] = model
    for key,value in cars_info.items():
	car[key] = value;
    return car;
	
car = make_car('subaru', 'outback', color='blue', tow_package=True)

for key,value in car.items():
    print("The car's " + key + " is " + str(value) + ".")

The car's manufacturer is subaru.
The car's model is outback.
The car's color is blue.
The car's tow_package is True.