状态机学习 统计字符

题目来自<系统程序员成长计划>  

作者:李先静.

逐个字符扫描 根据是否为字母决定当前状态  由单词内状态切换到单词外 计数字符加1

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
 
using namespace std;
 
string testString = " this's a test,'Hello World!!!' Welcome to the real world, it sucks, but you are gona love it!!!";
 
enum STATE {
    STAT_INIT,
    STAT_IN_WORD,
    STAT_OUT_WORD
};
 
size_t CountWords(const string& s)
{
    int count = 0;
    STATE state = STAT_INIT;
    for (size_t i = 0; i < s.size(); i++)
    {
        switch (state)
        {
        case STAT_INIT:
            if (isalpha(s[i])) {
                state = STAT_IN_WORD;
            }else
            {
                state = STAT_OUT_WORD;
            }
            break;
        case STAT_IN_WORD:
            if (isalpha(s[i])) {
                state = STAT_IN_WORD;
            }
            else {
                count++;
                state = STAT_OUT_WORD;
            }
            break;
        case STAT_OUT_WORD:
            if (isalpha(s[i])) {
                state = STAT_IN_WORD;
            }
            else {
                state = STAT_OUT_WORD;
            }
            break;
        default:
            break;
        }//switch (state)
    }
    if (STAT_IN_WORD == state) {
        count++;
    }
     
    return count;
}
 
int main()
{
    cout << CountWords(testString) << endl;
 
 
       return 0;
}

　改进版 计数以外还讲单词放入容器

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
 
using namespace std;
 
string testString = " this's a test,'Hello World!!!' Welcome to the real world, it sucks, but you are gona love it!!!";
 
enum STATE {
    STAT_INIT,
    STAT_IN_WORD,
    STAT_OUT_WORD
};
 
size_t CountWords(const string& s)
{
    int count = 0;
    STATE state = STAT_INIT;
    for (size_t i = 0; i < s.size(); i++)
    {
        switch (state)
        {
        case STAT_INIT:
            if (isalpha(s[i])) {
                state = STAT_IN_WORD;
            }else
            {
                state = STAT_OUT_WORD;
            }
            break;
        case STAT_IN_WORD:
            if (isalpha(s[i])) {
                state = STAT_IN_WORD;
            }
            else {
                count++;
                state = STAT_OUT_WORD;
            }
            break;
        case STAT_OUT_WORD:
            if (isalpha(s[i])) {
                state = STAT_IN_WORD;
            }
            else {
                state = STAT_OUT_WORD;
            }
            break;
        default:
            break;
        }//switch (state)
    }
    if (STAT_IN_WORD == state) {
        count++;
    }
     
    return count;
}
 
size_t word_segmentation(const string& s, vector<string>& strVec)
{
    STATE state = STAT_INIT;
    size_t count = 0;
    size_t subStrStart = string::npos;
    size_t subStrEnd = string::npos;
 
    for (size_t i = 0; i < s.size(); i++)
    {
        switch (state)
        {
        case STAT_INIT:
            if (isalpha(s[i])) {
                subStrStart = i;
                state = STAT_IN_WORD;
            }
            break;
        case STAT_IN_WORD:
            if (!isalpha(s[i])){
                count++;
                subStrEnd = i;
                strVec.push_back(s.substr(subStrStart, subStrEnd- subStrStart));
                state = STAT_OUT_WORD;
            }
            break;
 
        case STAT_OUT_WORD:
            if (isalpha(s[i])) {
                subStrStart = i;
                state = STAT_IN_WORD;
            }
            break;
        default:
            break;
        }//switch (state)
    }
     
    if (state == STAT_IN_WORD) {
        count++;
        subStrEnd = s.size();
        strVec.push_back(s.substr(subStrStart, subStrEnd- subStrStart));
    }
 
    return count;
}
 
 
int main()
{
    cout << CountWords(testString) << endl;
 
    vector<string> strVec;
    cout << word_segmentation(testString, strVec) << endl;
 
    for (vector<string>::iterator it = strVec.begin();
        it != strVec.end(); it++)
    {
        cout << *it << "  ";
    }
    cout << endl;
 
 
    return 0;
}

　运行结果

19
19
this s a test Hello World Welcome to the real world it sucks but y
ou are gona love it
请按任意键继续. . .