notifyDataSetChanged()源码分析以及如何实现ListView局部刷新

notifyDataSetChanged()

当我们调用BaseAdapter的NotifyDataSetChanged()时，为什么ListView会全局刷新呢？

    /**
     * Notifies the attached observers that the underlying data has been changed
     * and any View reflecting the data set should refresh itself.
     */
    public void notifyDataSetChanged() {
        mDataSetObservable.notifyChanged();
    }

其中调用了DataSetObservable的notifyChanged()：

public class DataSetObservable extends Observable<DataSetObserver> {
    ……
    public void notifyChanged() {
        synchronized(mObservers) {
            // since onChanged() is implemented by the app, it could do anything, including
            // removing itself from {@link mObservers} - and that could cause problems if
            // an iterator is used on the ArrayList {@link mObservers}.
            // to avoid such problems, just march thru the list in the reverse order.
            for (int i = mObservers.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
                mObservers.get(i).onChanged();
            }
        }
    }
    ……
}

mObservers是DataSetObservable的成员变量，一个ArrayList，可以在DataSetObservable的父类Observable< T >中看出：

public abstract class Observable<T> {
    /**
     * The list of observers.  An observer can be in the list at most
     * once and will never be null.
     */
    protected final ArrayList<T> mObservers = new ArrayList<T>();
    ……
}

从以上代码可以看出notifyChanged()调用的是DataSetObserver的onChanged()：

    public void onChanged() {
        // Do nothing
    }

DataSetObserver是一个抽象类，onChanged()默认是空实现，那我们就试着去找它的具体子类。

猜想应该是在ListView的setAdapter()中设置了DataSetObserver的子类：

    public void setAdapter(ListAdapter adapter) {
        if (mAdapter != null && mDataSetObserver != null) {
            mAdapter.unregisterDataSetObserver(mDataSetObserver);
        }

        resetList();
        mRecycler.clear();

        if (mHeaderViewInfos.size() > 0|| mFooterViewInfos.size() > 0) {
            mAdapter = new HeaderViewListAdapter(mHeaderViewInfos, mFooterViewInfos, adapter);
        } else {
            mAdapter = adapter;
        }

        mOldSelectedPosition = INVALID_POSITION;
        mOldSelectedRowId = INVALID_ROW_ID;

        // AbsListView#setAdapter will update choice mode states.
        super.setAdapter(adapter);

        if (mAdapter != null) {
            mAreAllItemsSelectable = mAdapter.areAllItemsEnabled();
            mOldItemCount = mItemCount;
            mItemCount = mAdapter.getCount();
            checkFocus();

            mDataSetObserver = new AdapterDataSetObserver();
            mAdapter.registerDataSetObserver(mDataSetObserver);

            mRecycler.setViewTypeCount(mAdapter.getViewTypeCount());

            int position;
            if (mStackFromBottom) {
                position = lookForSelectablePosition(mItemCount - 1, false);
            } else {
                position = lookForSelectablePosition(0, true);
            }
            setSelectedPositionInt(position);
            setNextSelectedPositionInt(position);

            if (mItemCount == 0) {
                // Nothing selected
                checkSelectionChanged();
            }
        } else {
            mAreAllItemsSelectable = true;
            checkFocus();
            // Nothing selected
            checkSelectionChanged();
        }

        requestLayout();
    }

可以看到new了一个AdapterDataSetObserver，并且作为参数传进了BaseAdapter的registerDataSetObserver()：

    public void registerDataSetObserver(DataSetObserver observer) {
        mDataSetObservable.registerObserver(observer);
    }

其中调用了Observable的registerObserver()：

    public void registerObserver(T observer) {
        if (observer == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("The observer is null.");
        }
        synchronized(mObservers) {
            if (mObservers.contains(observer)) {
                throw new IllegalStateException("Observer " + observer + " is already registered.");
            }
            mObservers.add(observer);
        }
    }

这里把刚才new的AdapterDataSetObserver添加到了观察者的集合中，当调用notifyDataSetChanged()时就会调用AdapterDataSetObserver的onChange()：

    class AdapterDataSetObserver extends AdapterView<ListAdapter>.AdapterDataSetObserver {
        @Override
        public void onChanged() {
            super.onChanged();
            if (mFastScroll != null) {
                mFastScroll.onSectionsChanged();
            }
        }

        @Override
        public void onInvalidated() {
            super.onInvalidated();
            if (mFastScroll != null) {
                mFastScroll.onSectionsChanged();
            }
        }
    }

AdapterDataSetObserver 是ListView的一个内部类，它继承自AdapterView的一个也叫AdapterDataSetObserver 内部类：

        @Override
        public void onChanged() {
            mDataChanged = true;
            mOldItemCount = mItemCount;
            mItemCount = getAdapter().getCount();

            // Detect the case where a cursor that was previously invalidated has
            // been repopulated with new data.
            if (AdapterView.this.getAdapter().hasStableIds() && mInstanceState != null
                    && mOldItemCount == 0 && mItemCount > 0) {
                AdapterView.this.onRestoreInstanceState(mInstanceState);
                mInstanceState = null;
            } else {
                rememberSyncState();
            }
            checkFocus();
            requestLayout();
        }

在这里可以看到，notifyDataSetChanged()最终调用了requestLayout()，请求了View的重绘。

关于requestLayout()，可以看这篇文章View的绘制流程(Android开发艺术探索学习笔记）。

很多时候我们只要刷新ListView中的一条item即可，不用每次都notifyDataSetChanged()，因为每次对整个ListView进行重绘，很耗费性能，所以下面来介绍一下ListView的局部刷新。

其实很简单就是手动调用一下Adapter的getView()，但是还是要根据实际情况，倘若你需要刷新的这个item还没在界面上展示就没必要刷新了，因为等到它要出现在界面上的时候自然会调用getView()。下面看一下Google推荐的做法：

    private void updateItem(int position) {
        /**第一个可见的位置**/
        int firstVisiblePosition = listView.getFirstVisiblePosition();
        /**最后一个可见的位置**/
        int lastVisiblePosition = listView.getLastVisiblePosition();

        /**在看见范围内才更新，不可见的滑动后自动会调用getView方法更新**/
        if (position >= firstVisiblePosition && position <= lastVisiblePosition) {
            /**获取指定位置view对象**/
            View view = listView.getChildAt(position - firstVisiblePosition);
            adapter.getView(position, view, listView);
        }
    }

参考：
1.Android源码分析之NotifyDataSetChanged()
2.Android ListView优化之局部刷新（更新）（非notifyDataSetChanged）