从二进制文件安装PostgreSQL_postgresql二进制安装-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/stevensxiao/article/details/145546120

二进制文件就是安装包，从这里下载。

预先准备好一个Oracle Linux 9的虚机。对于PostgreSQL，Oracle Linux归入RedHat Linux一类：在这里插入图片描述
然后进入下面页面，Linux downloads (Red Hat family)。

设置repository：

sudo dnf install -y https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/reporpms/EL-9-x86_64/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpm
sudo dnf -qy module disable postgresql

安装postgres server：

$ sudo dnf install postgresql-server
Last metadata expiration check: 0:01:24 ago on Mon 10 Feb 2025 03:26:58 AM GMT.
Dependencies resolved.
==============================================================================================================================================================================================
 Package                                                Architecture                          Version                                      Repository                                    Size
==============================================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 postgresql-server                                      x86_64                                13.18-1.el9_5                                ol9_appstream                                6.0 M
Installing dependencies:
 postgresql                                             x86_64                                13.18-1.el9_5                                ol9_appstream                                1.8 M
 postgresql-private-libs                                x86_64                                13.18-1.el9_5                                ol9_appstream                                136 k

Transaction Summary
==============================================================================================================================================================================================
Install  3 Packages

Total download size: 7.9 M
Installed size: 29 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
(1/3): postgresql-private-libs-13.18-1.el9_5.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                       753 kB/s | 136 kB     00:00
(2/3): postgresql-13.18-1.el9_5.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                    7.1 MB/s | 1.8 MB     00:00
(3/3): postgresql-server-13.18-1.el9_5.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                              18 MB/s | 6.0 MB     00:00
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                                                                                                                          23 MB/s | 7.9 MB     00:00
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
  Preparing        :                                                                                                                                                                      1/1
  Installing       : postgresql-private-libs-13.18-1.el9_5.x86_64                                                                                                                         1/3
  Installing       : postgresql-13.18-1.el9_5.x86_64                                                                                                                                      2/3
  Running scriptlet: postgresql-server-13.18-1.el9_5.x86_64                                                                                                                               3/3
  Installing       : postgresql-server-13.18-1.el9_5.x86_64                                                                                                                               3/3
  Running scriptlet: postgresql-server-13.18-1.el9_5.x86_64                                                                                                                               3/3
  Verifying        : postgresql-13.18-1.el9_5.x86_64                                                                                                                                      1/3
  Verifying        : postgresql-private-libs-13.18-1.el9_5.x86_64                                                                                                                         2/3
  Verifying        : postgresql-server-13.18-1.el9_5.x86_64                                                                                                                               3/3

Installed:
  postgresql-13.18-1.el9_5.x86_64                         postgresql-private-libs-13.18-1.el9_5.x86_64                         postgresql-server-13.18-1.el9_5.x86_64

Complete!

这一步完成后，用户postgres已创建，环境变量PGDATA已设置。版本是自动选择的，为13.18。你也可以在安装时指定版本。

接下来需要初始化和创建数据库，并配置服务：

sudo postgresql-setup --initdb
sudo systemctl enable postgresql.service
sudo systemctl start postgresql.service

概要输出如下：

 * Initializing database in '/var/lib/pgsql/data'
 * Initialized, logs are in /var/lib/pgsql/initdb_postgresql.log
...
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/postgresql.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/postgresql.service.

安装日志如下：

# cat /var/lib/pgsql/initdb_postgresql.log
The files belonging to this database system will be owned by user "postgres".
This user must also own the server process.

The database cluster will be initialized with locale "en_US.UTF-8".
The default database encoding has accordingly been set to "UTF8".
The default text search configuration will be set to "english".

Data page checksums are disabled.

fixing permissions on existing directory /var/lib/pgsql/data ... ok
creating subdirectories ... ok
selecting dynamic shared memory implementation ... posix
selecting default max_connections ... 100
selecting default shared_buffers ... 128MB
selecting default time zone ... GMT
creating configuration files ... ok
running bootstrap script ... ok
performing post-bootstrap initialization ... ok
syncing data to disk ... ok

Success. You can now start the database server using:

    /usr/bin/pg_ctl -D /var/lib/pgsql/data -l logfile start

安装的版本为如下：

$ psql --version
psql (PostgreSQL) 13.18

服务已启动：

$ sudo systemctl status postgresql.service
● postgresql.service - PostgreSQL database server
     Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/postgresql.service; enabled; preset: disabled)
     Active: active (running) since Mon 2025-02-10 03:33:17 GMT; 52s ago
    Process: 48211 ExecStartPre=/usr/libexec/postgresql-check-db-dir postgresql (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
   Main PID: 48213 (postmaster)
      Tasks: 8 (limit: 100069)
     Memory: 16.6M
        CPU: 51ms
     CGroup: /system.slice/postgresql.service
             ├─48213 /usr/bin/postmaster -D /var/lib/pgsql/data
             ├─48215 "postgres: logger "
             ├─48217 "postgres: checkpointer "
             ├─48218 "postgres: background writer "
             ├─48219 "postgres: walwriter "
             ├─48220 "postgres: autovacuum launcher "
             ├─48221 "postgres: stats collector "
             └─48222 "postgres: logical replication launcher "

看下数据目录，数据库似乎不大：

$ sudo ls /var/lib/pgsql/data
base              global  pg_commit_ts  pg_hba.conf    pg_logical    pg_notify    pg_serial     pg_stat      pg_subtrans  pg_twophase  pg_wal   postgresql.auto.conf  postmaster.opts
current_logfiles  log     pg_dynshmem   pg_ident.conf  pg_multixact  pg_replslot  pg_snapshots  pg_stat_tmp  pg_tblspc    PG_VERSION   pg_xact  postgresql.conf       postmaster.pid

$ sudo du -sh /var/lib/pgsql/data
41M     /var/lib/pgsql/data

最初，有3个数据库：

postgres=# \l
                                  List of databases
   Name    |  Owner   | Encoding |   Collate   |    Ctype    |   Access privileges
-----------+----------+----------+-------------+-------------+-----------------------
 postgres  | postgres | UTF8     | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 |
 template0 | postgres | UTF8     | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | =c/postgres          +
           |          |          |             |             | postgres=CTc/postgres
 template1 | postgres | UTF8     | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | =c/postgres          +
           |          |          |             |             | postgres=CTc/postgres
(3 rows)

创建数据库，失败了：

$ createdb
createdb: error: could not connect to database template1: FATAL:  role "opc" does not exist
$ id -un
opc

最简单的方法是切换到postgres用户：

$ sudo su - postgres
$ createdb
createdb: error: could not connect to database template1: FATAL:  role "opc" does not exist
$ createdb mydb
## $ dropdb mydb

访问数据库：

$ psql mydb
psql (13.18)
Type "help" for help.

mydb=# SELECT version();
                                                      version
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 PostgreSQL 13.18 on x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (GCC) 11.5.0 20240719 (Red Hat 11.5.0-2.0.1), 64-bit
(1 row)

mydb=# create table test(a int);
CREATE TABLE
mydb=# drop table test;
DROP TABLE
mydb=# exit