Python 3
使用urlopen
from urllib.request import urlopen
html = urlopen("https://en.wikipedia.org" + article_url)
<urlopen error [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate
对使用Python官方安装包的,在"Application/Python 3.7/"路径下有个Install Certificates.command,运行就好了。
对brew安装的或者缺少这个文件的,将下面的代码copy & paste到文本编辑器,并命名为Install Certificates.command,然后执行。
#!/bin/sh
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/bin/python3.7 << "EOF"
# install_certifi.py
#
# sample script to install or update a set of default Root Certificates
# for the ssl module. Uses the certificates provided by the certifi package:
# https://pypi.org/project/certifi/
import os
import os.path
import ssl
import stat
import subprocess
import sys
STAT_0o775 = ( stat.S_IRUSR | stat.S_IWUSR | stat.S_IXUSR
| stat.S_IRGRP | stat.S_IWGRP | stat.S_IXGRP
| stat.S_IROTH | stat.S_IXOTH )
def main():
openssl_dir, openssl_cafile = os.path.split(
ssl.get_default_verify_paths().openssl_cafile)
print(" -- pip install --upgrade certifi")
subprocess.check_call([sys.executable,
"-E", "-s", "-m", "pip", "install", "--upgrade", "certifi"])
import certifi
# change working directory to the default SSL directory
os.chdir(openssl_dir)
relpath_to_certifi_cafile = os.path.relpath(certifi.where())
print(" -- removing any existing file or link")
try:
os.remove(openssl_cafile)
except FileNotFoundError:
pass
print(" -- creating symlink to certifi certificate bundle")
os.symlink(relpath_to_certifi_cafile, openssl_cafile)
print(" -- setting permissions")
os.chmod(openssl_cafile, STAT_0o775)
print(" -- update complete")
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
EOF