熔丝位的快速设置

AVR Studio 中 STK500 处理熔丝位有巨大的优势：它是以功能组合让用户配置。
这种方式与小马(PnoyProg2000,SL-ISP)相比，具有以下的优势(优势是如此明显，可以用“巨大优势”来形容)：


     1. 有效避免因不熟悉熔丝位让芯片锁死 (这是初学者的恶梦)
     2. 不需要靠记忆与查文档，就能配置熔丝位(这也是初学者的恶梦)这是我们网站为何推荐使用STK500下载器的又一原因。

操作界面如下： (注意：下图中，打勾的表示选中，代表0。没有打勾的表示1)。

上图的资料整理如下(该表下面有中文翻译与说明)：

 

On-Chip Debug Enabled; [OCDEN=0]

JTAG Interface Enabled; [JTAGEN=0]

Serial program downloading (SPI) enabled; [SPIEN=0]

Preserve EEPROM memory through the Chip Erase cycle; [EESAVE=0]

Boot Flash section size=128 words Boot start address=$1F80; [BOOTSZ=11]

Boot Flash section size=256 words Boot start address=$1F00; [BOOTSZ=10]

Boot Flash section size=512 words Boot start address=$1E00; [BOOTSZ=01]

Boot Flash section size=1024 words Boot start address=$1C00; [BOOTSZ=00] ; default value

Boot Reset vector Enabled (default address=$0000); [BOOTRST=0]

CKOPT fuse (operation dependent of CKSEL fuses); [CKOPT=0]

Brown-out detection level at VCC=4.0 V; [BODLEVEL=0]

Brown-out detection level at VCC=2.7 V; [BODLEVEL=1]

Brown-out detection enabled; [BODEN=0]

Ext. Clock; Start-up time: 6 CK + 0 ms; [CKSEL=0000 SUT=00]

Ext. Clock; Start-up time: 6 CK + 4 ms; [CKSEL=0000 SUT=01]

Ext. Clock; Start-up time: 6 CK + 64 ms; [CKSEL=0000 SUT=10]

Int. RC Osc. 1 MHz; Start-up time: 6 CK + 0 ms; [CKSEL=0001 SUT=00]

Int. RC Osc. 1 MHz; Start-up time: 6 CK + 4 ms; [CKSEL=0001 SUT=01]

Int. RC Osc. 1 MHz; Start-up time: 6 CK + 64 ms; [CKSEL=0001 SUT=10]; default value

Int. RC Osc. 2 MHz; Start-up time: 6 CK + 0 ms; [CKSEL=0010 SUT=00]

Int. RC Osc. 2 MHz; Start-up time: 6 CK + 4 ms; [CKSEL=0010 SUT=01]

Int. RC Osc. 2 MHz; Start-up time: 6 CK + 64 ms; [CKSEL=0010 SUT=10]

Int. RC Osc. 4 MHz; Start-up time: 6 CK + 0 ms; [CKSEL=0011 SUT=00]

Int. RC Osc. 4 MHz; Start-up time: 6 CK + 4 ms; [CKSEL=0011 SUT=01]

Int. RC Osc. 4 MHz; Start-up time: 6 CK + 64 ms; [CKSEL=0011 SUT=10]

Int. RC Osc. 8 MHz; Start-up time: 6 CK + 0 ms; [CKSEL=0100 SUT=00]

Int. RC Osc. 8 MHz; Start-up time: 6 CK + 4 ms; [CKSEL=0100 SUT=01]

Int. RC Osc. 8 MHz; Start-up time: 6 CK + 64 ms; [CKSEL=0100 SUT=10]

Ext. RC Osc. - 0.9 MHz; Start-up time: 18 CK + 0 ms; [CKSEL=0101 SUT=00]

Ext. RC Osc. - 0.9 MHz; Start-up time: 18 CK + 4 ms; [CKSEL=0101 SUT=01]

Ext. RC Osc. - 0.9 MHz; Start-up time: 18 CK + 64 ms; [CKSEL=0101 SUT=10]

Ext. RC Osc. - 0.9 MHz; Start-up time: 6 CK + 4 ms; [CKSEL=0101 SUT=11]

Ext. RC Osc. 0.9 MHz - 3.0 MHz; Start-up time: 18 CK + 0 ms; [CKSEL=0110 SUT=00]

Ext. RC Osc. 0.9 MHz - 3.0 MHz; Start-up time: 18 CK + 4 ms; [CKSEL=0110 SUT=01]

Ext. RC Osc. 0.9 MHz - 3.0 MHz; Start-up time: 18 CK + 64 ms; [CKSEL=0110 SUT=10]

Ext. RC Osc. 0.9 MHz - 3.0 MHz; Start-up time: 6 CK + 4 ms; [CKSEL=0110 SUT=11]

Ext. RC Osc. 3.0 MHz - 8.0 MHz; Start-up time: 18 CK + 0 ms; [CKSEL=0111 SUT=00]

Ext. RC Osc. 3.0 MHz - 8.0 MHz; Start-up time: 18 CK + 4 ms; [CKSEL=0111 SUT=01]

Ext. RC Osc. 3.0 MHz - 8.0 MHz; Start-up time: 18 CK + 64 ms; [CKSEL=0111 SUT=10]

Ext. RC Osc. 3.0 MHz - 8.0 MHz; Start-up time: 6 CK + 4 ms; [CKSEL=0111 SUT=11]

Ext. RC Osc. 8.0 MHz - 12.0 MHz; Start-up time: 18 CK + 0 ms; [CKSEL=1000 SUT=00]

Ext. RC Osc. 8.0 MHz - 12.0 MHz; Start-up time: 18 CK + 4 ms; [CKSEL=1000 SUT=01]

Ext. RC Osc. 8.0 MHz - 12.0 MHz; Start-up time: 18 CK + 64 ms; [CKSEL=1000 SUT=10]

Ext. RC Osc. 8.0 MHz - 12.0 MHz; Start-up time: 6 CK + 4 ms; [CKSEL=1000 SUT=11]

Ext. Low-Freq. Crystal; Start-up time: 1K CK + 4 ms; [CKSEL=1001 SUT=00]

Ext. Low-Freq. Crystal; Start-up time: 1K CK + 64 ms; [CKSEL=1001 SUT=01]

Ext. Low-Freq. Crystal; Start-up time: 32K CK + 64 ms; [CKSEL=1001 SUT=10]

Ext. Crystal/Resonator Low Freq.; Start-up time: 258 CK + 4 ms; [CKSEL=1010 SUT=00]

Ext. Crystal/Resonator Low Freq.; Start-up time: 258 CK + 64 ms; [CKSEL=1010 SUT=01]

Ext. Crystal/Resonator Low Freq.; Start-up time: 1K CK + 0 ms; [CKSEL=1010 SUT=10]

Ext. Crystal/Resonator Low Freq.; Start-up time: 1K CK + 4 ms; [CKSEL=1010 SUT=11]

Ext. Crystal/Resonator Low Freq.; Start-up time: 1K CK + 64 ms; [CKSEL=1011 SUT=00]

Ext. Crystal/Resonator Low Freq.; Start-up time: 16K CK + 0 ms; [CKSEL=1011 SUT=01]

Ext. Crystal/Resonator Low Freq.; Start-up time: 16K CK + 4 ms; [CKSEL=1011 SUT=10]

Ext. Crystal/Resonator Low Freq.; Start-up time: 16K CK + 64 ms; [CKSEL=1011 SUT=11]

Ext. Crystal/Resonator Medium Freq.; Start-up time: 258 CK + 4 ms; [CKSEL=1100 SUT=00]

Ext. Crystal/Resonator Medium Freq.; Start-up time: 258 CK + 64 ms; [CKSEL=1100 SUT=01]

Ext. Crystal/Resonator Medium Freq.; Start-up time: 1K CK + 0 ms; [CKSEL=1100 SUT=10]

Ext. Crystal/Resonator Medium Freq.; Start-up time: 1K CK + 4 ms; [CKSEL=1100 SUT=11]

Ext. Crystal/Resonator Medium Freq.; Start-up time: 1K CK + 64 ms; [CKSEL=1101 SUT=00]

Ext. Crystal/Resonator Medium Freq.; Start-up time: 16K CK + 0 ms; [CKSEL=1101 SUT=01]

Ext. Crystal/Resonator Medium Freq.; Start-up time: 16K CK + 4 ms; [CKSEL=1101 SUT=10]

Ext. Crystal/Resonator Medium Freq.; Start-up time: 16K CK + 64 ms; [CKSEL=1101 SUT=11]

Ext. Crystal/Resonator High Freq.; Start-up time: 258 CK + 4 ms; [CKSEL=1110 SUT=00]

Ext. Crystal/Resonator High Freq.; Start-up time: 258 CK + 64 ms; [CKSEL=1110 SUT=01]

Ext. Crystal/Resonator High Freq.; Start-up time: 1K CK + 0 ms; [CKSEL=1110 SUT=10]

Ext. Crystal/Resonator High Freq.; Start-up time: 1K CK + 4 ms; [CKSEL=1110 SUT=11]

Ext. Crystal/Resonator High Freq.; Start-up time: 1K CK + 64 ms; [CKSEL=1111 SUT=00]

Ext. Crystal/Resonator High Freq.; Start-up time: 16K CK + 0 ms; [CKSEL=1111 SUT=01]

Ext. Crystal/Resonator High Freq.; Start-up time: 16K CK + 4 ms; [CKSEL=1111 SUT=10]

Ext. Crystal/Resonator High Freq.; Start-up time: 16K CK + 64 ms; [CKSEL=1111 SUT=11]

注：以上中文是对照 ATmega16的中、英文版本数据手册而翻译。尽量按照了官方的中文术语。

应用举例：

比如我们想使用片内的RC振荡(即不需要接晶振)，可以选择选择下面三者之一：
    Int. RC Osc. 8 MHz; Start-up time: 6 CK + 0 ms; [CKSEL=0100 SUT=00]
    Int. RC Osc. 8 MHz; Start-up time: 6 CK + 4 ms; [CKSEL=0100 SUT=01]
    Int. RC Osc. 8 MHz; Start-up time: 6 CK + 64 ms; [CKSEL=0100 SUT=10]

比如我们想使用外部7.3728M晶振，可以选择选择下面三者之一：
    Ext. Crystal/Resonator High Freq.; Start-up time: 258 CK + 4 ms; [CKSEL=1110 SUT=00]
    或后面与Ext. Crystal/Resonator High Freq.;.... 有关的选择。

 

上面这些都转自ouravr网站，这些只是从表面定义上理解熔丝位

真正的配置还是要从具体操作中知道如何进行合理的配置熔丝

 

前几天，用一个64L，功能中有需要一个检测IO的地方，此IO接在PF7上，上个封装图

看了下，正好用到了JTAG上的TDI，而且当时熔丝位设置为0xff89ef，此时的JTAG是开着的

下载线用的是ISP方式，就没考虑到JTAG这个，结果就不是检测不出IO的电平变化

（检测的代码是之前在别的板上实验成功过的），很奇怪

考虑2者的不同，除了延时和熔丝，就都一样了，先排除延时，就熔丝了

于是修改了熔丝，就可以用了

虽然花了2天的时间，但是感觉学到东西，都是很值得的

熔丝的设置是要根据具体的情况来设置的