linux多线程编程--学习笔迹4

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进程——资源分配的最小单位,线程——程序执行的最小单位
进程有独立的地址空间,一个进程崩溃后,在保护模式下不会对其它进程产生影响,而线程只是一个进程中的不同执行路径。线程有自己的堆栈和局部变量,但线程没有单独的地址空间,一个线程死掉就等于整个进程死掉,所以多进程的程序要比多线程的程序健壮,但在进程切换时,耗费资源较大,效率要差一些。但对于一些要求同时进行并且又要共享某些变量的并发操作,只能用线程,不能用进程

1、创建线程

原型:

#include <pthread.h>
int pthread_create(pthread_t *restrict tidp, const pthread_attr_t *restrict attr, void *(*start_rtn)(void *), void *restrict arg);
// 返回:若成功返回0,否则返回错误编号
#include <pthread.h>
int pthread_exit(void *rval_ptr);
#include <pthread.h>
int pthread_join(pthread_t thread, void **rval_ptr);
// 返回:若成功返回0,否则返回错误编号

例1

#include"stdio.h"
#include"pthread.h"

void *func1(void *arg)
{
        printf("second: %ld thread is create\n",(unsigned long)pthread_self());
        printf("param is %d\n",*((int *)arg));
}

int main()
{
        int ret;
        pthread_t t1;
        int param=100;

        ret =pthread_create(&t1,NULL,func1,(void *)&param);
        if(ret==0)
        {
                printf("create is success\n");
        }

        printf("main:%ld thread is create\n",(unsigned long)pthread_self());
        while(1);
        return 0;
}

例2:

#include"stdio.h"
#include"pthread.h"

void *func1(void *arg)
{

        static int ret=10;
        printf("second: %ld thread is create\n",(unsigned long)pthread_self());
        printf("param is %d\n",*((int *)arg));

        pthread_exit((void *)&ret);
}

int main()
{
        int ret;
        pthread_t t1;
        int param=100;
        int *pret;

        ret =pthread_create(&t1,NULL,func1,(void *)&param);
        if(ret==0)
        {
                printf("create is success\n");
        }

        printf("main:%ld thread is create\n",(unsigned long)pthread_self());
//      while(1);
        pthread_join(t1,(void **)&pret);

        printf("main:t1 quit:%d\n",*pret);
        return 0;
}

共享内存验证
例3

#include"stdio.h"
#include"pthread.h"
#include"stdlib.h"
#include"unistd.h"
int g_data =0;

void *func1(void *arg)
{

        static int ret=10;
        printf("second: %ld thread is create\n",(unsigned long)pthread_self());
        printf("param is %d\n",*((int *)arg));
        while(1)
        {
                printf("t1: %d\n",g_data++);
                sleep(1);
        }
        pthread_exit((void *)&ret);
}
void *func2(void *arg)
{

        static int ret=10;
        printf("second: %ld thread is create\n",(unsigned long)pthread_self());
        printf("param is %d\n",*((int *)arg));

        while(1)
        {
                printf("t2: %d\n",g_data++);
                sleep(1);
        }
        pthread_exit((void *)&ret);
}
int main()
{
        int ret;
        pthread_t t1;
        pthread_t t2;
        int param=100;
        int *pret;

        ret =pthread_create(&t1,NULL,func1,(void *)&param);
        if(ret==0)
        {
                printf("create t1 success\n");
        }

        ret =pthread_create(&t2,NULL,func2,(void *)&param);
        if(ret==0)
        {
                printf("create t2 success\n");
        printf("main:%ld thread is create\n",(unsigned long)pthread_self());
        }
        while(1)
        {
                printf("main:%d\n",g_data++);
                sleep(1);
        }
        pthread_join(t1,(void **)&pret);
        pthread_join(t2,(void **)&pret);
        printf("main:t1 quit:%d\n",*pret);
        return 0;
}

2、互斥锁

原型:

#include <pthread.h>
int pthread_mutex_init(pthread_mutex_t *restrict mutex, const pthread_mutexattr_t *restrict attr);
int pthread_mutex_destroy(pthread_mutex_t *mutex);
// 返回:若成功返回0,否则返回错误编号
#include <pthread.h>
int pthread_mutex_lock(pthread_mutex_t mutex);
int pthread_mutex_trylock(pthread_mutex_t *mutex);
int pthread_mutex_unlock(pthread_mutex_t *mutex);
// 返回:若成功返回0,否则返回错误编号

例4

#include"stdio.h"
#include"pthread.h"
#include"stdlib.h"
#include"unistd.h"
int g_data =0;

pthread_mutex_t mutex;

void *func1(void *arg)
{

        static int ret=10;
        printf("second: %ld thread is create\n",(unsigned long)pthread_self());
        printf("param is %d\n",*((int *)arg));

        pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);

        while(1)
        {
                printf("t1: %d\n",g_data++);
                if(g_data==3)
                {
                        pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
                        printf("t1 quit============");
                        pthread_exit(NULL);
                }
        }
}
void *func2(void *arg)
{
 
        static int ret=10;
        printf("second: %ld thread is create\n",(unsigned long)pthread_self());
        printf("param is %d\n",*((int *)arg));

        while(1)
        {
                printf("t2: %d\n",g_data);
                pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
                g_data++;
                pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
         
                sleep(1);
        }
}
int main()
{
        int ret;
        pthread_t t1;
        pthread_t t2;
        int param=100;
        int *pret;
        pthread_mutex_init(&mutex,NULL);

        ret =pthread_create(&t1,NULL,func1,(void *)&param);
        if(ret==0)
        {
                printf("create t1 success\n");
        }

        ret =pthread_create(&t2,NULL,func2,(void *)&param);
        if(ret==0)
        {
                printf("create t2 success\n");
        printf("main:%ld thread is create\n",(unsigned long)pthread_self());
        }
        while(1)
        {
                printf("main:%d\n",g_data++);
                sleep(1);
        }
        pthread_join(t1,NULL);
        pthread_join(t2,NULL);
        pthread_mutex_destroy(&mutex);

        return 0;
}

死锁的情况:
例5

#include"stdio.h"
#include"pthread.h"
#include"stdlib.h"
#include"unistd.h"
int g_data =0;

pthread_mutex_t mutex;

pthread_mutex_t mutex2;
void *func1(void *arg)
{

        static int ret=10;
        printf("second: %ld thread is create\n",(unsigned long)pthread_self());
        printf("param is %d\n",*((int *)arg));

        pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
        sleep(1);
        pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex2);
        while(1)
        {
                printf("t1: %d\n",g_data++);
                if(g_data==3)
                {
                        pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
                        printf("t1 quit============");
                        pthread_exit(NULL);
                }
        }
}
void *func2(void *arg)
{

        static int ret=10;



        pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex2);
        sleep(1);
        pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
        printf("second: %ld thread is create\n",(unsigned long)pthread_self());
        printf("param is %d\n",*((int *)arg));
        printf("t2: %d\n",g_data);
        g_data++;
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
}
int main()
{
        int ret;
        pthread_t t1;
        pthread_t t2;
        int param=100;
        int *pret;
        pthread_mutex_init(&mutex,NULL);

        pthread_mutex_init(&mutex2,NULL);
        ret =pthread_create(&t1,NULL,func1,(void *)&param);
        if(ret==0)
        {
                printf("create t1 success\n");
        }

        ret =pthread_create(&t2,NULL,func2,(void *)&param);
        if(ret==0)
        {
                printf("create t2 success\n");
        printf("main:%ld thread is create\n",(unsigned long)pthread_self());
        }
        pthread_join(t1,NULL);
        pthread_join(t2,NULL);
        pthread_mutex_destroy(&mutex);

        pthread_mutex_destroy(&mutex2);
        return 0;
}

3、条件

#include <pthread.h>
int pthread_cond_init(pthread_cond_t *restrict cond, const pthread_condattr_t *restrict attr);
int pthread_cond_destroy(pthread_cond_t *cond);
// 返回:若成功返回0,否则返回错误编号
#include <pthread.h>
int pthread_cond_wait(pthread_cond_t *restrict cond, pthread_mutex_t *restrict mutex);
int pthread_cond_timedwait(pthread_cond_t *restrict cond, pthread_mutex_t *restrict mutex, cond struct timespec *restrict timeout);
// 返回:若成功返回0,否则返回错误编号
#include <pthread.h>
int pthread_cond_signal(pthread_cond_t *cond);
int pthread_cond_broadcast(pthread_cond_t *cond);
// 返回:若成功返回0,否则返回错误编号

例6:

#include"stdio.h"
#include"pthread.h"
#include"stdlib.h"
#include"unistd.h"
int g_data =0;

pthread_mutex_t mutex;
pthread_cond_t cond;

void *func1(void *arg)
{

        static int ret=10;
        static int cnt=0;

        printf("second: %ld thread is create\n",(unsigned long)pthread_self());
        printf("param is %d\n",*((int *)arg));


        while(1)
        {

                pthread_cond_wait(&cond,&mutex);
                printf("t1 run============");

                printf("t1: %d\n",g_data);
                g_data=0;
                sleep(1);
                if(cnt++==10)
                {
                        exit(1);
                }
        }
}
void *func2(void *arg)
{

        static int ret=10;
        printf("second: %ld thread is create\n",(unsigned long)pthread_self());
        printf("param is %d\n",*((int *)arg));

        while(1)
        {
                printf("t2: %d\n",g_data);
                pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
                g_data++;
                if(g_data==3)
                {
                        pthread_cond_signal(&cond);
                }

                pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
                sleep(1);
        }
}
int main()
{
        int ret;
        pthread_t t1;
        pthread_t t2;
        int param=100;
        int *pret;
        pthread_mutex_init(&mutex,NULL);
        pthread_cond_init(&cond,NULL);
        ret =pthread_create(&t1,NULL,func1,(void *)&param);
        if(ret==0)
        {
                printf("create t1 success\n");
        }

        ret =pthread_create(&t2,NULL,func2,(void *)&param);
        if(ret==0)
        {
                printf("create t2 success\n");
        printf("main:%ld thread is create\n",(unsigned long)pthread_self());
        }

        pthread_join(t1,NULL);
        pthread_join(t2,NULL);
        pthread_mutex_destroy(&mutex);
        pthread_cond_destroy(&cond);
        return 0;
}

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