Python | 常用文件路径操作

获取当前工作目录的路径

• os

import os
print(os.getcwd())
print(os.path.abspath('.'))
print(os.path.abspath(os.curdir))

输出

D:\Task\
D:\Task\
D:\Task\

• sys

import sys
print(sys.path[0])

输出

D:\Task\

获取当前文件的路径

• os

import os
print(os.path.abspath(__file__))
print(os.path.abspath('test.txt'))
print(os.path.realpath(__file__))

输出

D:\Task\path.py
D:\Task\path.py
D:\Task\path.py

• sys

import sys

print(sys.argv[0])

输出

D:\Task\path.py

获取当前工作目录父目录的路径

• os

import os
os.path.abspath('..')

输出

D:\

获取文件路径、文件名、后缀名

#########start 获取文件路径、文件名、后缀名############
def jwkj_get_filePath_fileName_fileExt(filename):
    (filepath,tempfilename) = os.path.split(filename);
    (shotname,extension) = os.path.splitext(tempfilename);
    return filepath,shotname,extension
#########end 获取文件路径、文件名、后缀名############

组合路径返回

os.path.join()函数：连接两个或更多的路径名组件

1.如果各组件名首字母不包含/，则函数会自动加上
2.如果有一个组件是一个绝对路径，则在它之前的所有组件均会被舍弃
3.如果最后一个组件为空，则生成的路径以一个/分隔符结尾

os.path.join('file1','file2','file3')

• exp 1

import os

Path1 = 'home'
Path2 = 'develop'
Path3 = 'code'

Path10 = Path1 + Path2 + Path3
Path20 = os.path.join(Path1,Path2,Path3)
print ('Path10 = ',Path10)
print ('Path20 = ',Path20)

输出

Path10 = homedevelopcode
Path20 = home\develop\code

• exp 2

import os

Path1 = '/home'
Path2 = 'develop'
Path3 = 'code'

Path10 = Path1 + Path2 + Path3
Path20 = os.path.join(Path1,Path2,Path3)
print ('Path10 = ',Path10)
print ('Path20 = ',Path20) 

输出

Path10 = /homedevelopcode
Path20 = /home\develop\code

• exp 3

import os

Path1 = 'home'
Path2 = '/develop'
Path3 = 'code'

Path10 = Path1 + Path2 + Path3
Path20 = os.path.join(Path1,Path2,Path3)
print ('Path10 = ',Path10)
print ('Path20 = ',Path20) 

输出

Path10 = home/developcode
Path20 = /develop\code

• exp 4

import os

Path1 = 'home'
Path2 = 'develop'
Path3 = '/code'

Path10 = Path1 + Path2 + Path3
Path20 = os.path.join(Path1,Path2,Path3)
print ('Path10 = ',Path10)
print ('Path20 = ',Path20 )

输出

Path10 = homedevelop/code
Path20 = /code

判断文件目录是否存在（不存在创建）

        if not os.path.exists(filePath):
            os.makedirs(filePath)