主流Unix/Linux(RedHat) 命令区别

主流服务器UNIX操作系统用户帐号的设置

账号设置	HP-UX	FreeBSD	Solaris(SPARC)
密码文件	/etc/passwd /tcb/files/auth/r/root	/etc/passwd /etc/master.passwd	/etc/passwd  /etc/shadow
组文件	/etc/group /etc/logingroup	/etc/group	/etc/group
允许最大用户ID	2147483647	65535	2147483647
允许远程登录的用户文件设置	/etc/securetty {console}	/etc/ttys  {secure}	/etc/default/login {CONSOLE=/dev/console}
Nobody的UID	-2	65534	60001 & 65534(nobody4)
Nobody的GID	-2(nogroup)	65534	60002 & 65534(nogroup)
找回ROOT密码	>boot Interact with IPL ? Y ISL>hpux -iS passwd root	ok boot -s passwd root	boot cdrom -s mkdir /tmp/a mount /dev/c0t0d0s0 /tmp/a vi /tmp/a/etc/shadow
创建新用户	useradd	adduser	Useradd
删除用户	userdel	rmuser	Userdel
列出用户	logins		Logins
修改用户账号	usermod		Usermod

 

账号设置	AIX	Linux( RedHat )
密码文件	/etc/passwd /etc/security/passwd	/etc/passwd /etc/shadow
组文件	/etc/group /etc/security/group	/etc/group
允许最大用户ID	4294967295	65535
允许远程登录的用户文件设置	/etc/security/user {rlogin=true}	/etc/securetty {ttyp1}
Nobody的UID	4294967294	99
Nobody的GID	4294967294	99
找回ROOT密码	Boot from CD/Tape Installation/Maintenance Start Limited Shell getrootfs hdisk0 vi /etc/security/passwd	{lilo} control-x linux S passwd root {grub} c kernel vmlinuz-2.4.9-13 single ro root=/dev/hda8 initrd /initrd-2.4.9-13.img boot passwd root
创建新用户	mkuser	Useradd
删除用户	rmuser	Userdel
列出用户	lsuser -f ALL
修改用户账号	chuser -a	usermod

 

主流服务器UNIX操作系统目录结构对比

Directory Mappings	AIX	FreeBSD	HP-UX
Root filesystem	/     {/dev/hd4}	/   {/dev/ad0s1a}	/     {/dev/vg00/lvol1}
Home Directory	/home {/dev/hd1}		/home {/dev/vg00/lvol4}
	/tmp  {/dev/hd3}		/tmp  {/dev/vg00/lvol6}
	/usr  {/dev/hd2}	/usr {/dev/ad0s1f}	/usr  {/dev/vg00/lvol7}
	/var  {/dev/hd9var}	/var {/dev/ad0s1e}	/var  {/dev/vg00/lvol8}
Sample configuration files	-		/usr/newconfig

 

Directory Mappings	Linux( RedHat )	Solaris	Tru64
Root filesystem	/     {/dev/sda1}	/         {/dev/vx/dsk/rootvol}	/    {/dev/rz0a}
Home Directory		/export/home  {dev/vx/dsk/home}
		/tmp     {dev/vx/dsk/swapvol}
		/usr	/usr {/dev/rz0g}
		/var
Sample configuration files

 

主流服务器UNIX操作系统常用命令

General Commands	AIX	FreeBSD	HP-UX	Linux(RedHat)	Solaris	Tru64
Unique host ID	Hostid		uname -i	hostid	hostid	hostid
Administrator	Smit		Sam	linuxconf	admintool	netconfig
Performance monitor	Topas(有过top) monitor	top	Top glance	Top	top	top
System activity reporter	Sar	sa	Sar		sar
Virtual Memory statistics	Vmstat	vmstat	vmstat	vmstat	vmstat	vmstat
I/O statistics	Iostat	iostat	iostat		iostat	iostat
Error logs	alog -o -t boot errpt	dmesg	dmesg	Dmesg	dmesg	uerf -R -o full
Physical RAM	1M TB		4TB	64GB{>2.3.24}	16TB	4TB
Shared Memory	64K TB		8TB	sysctl kernel.shmmax
Process Data Space	384K TB		4TB	900 MB
Swap device	/dev/hd6	/dev/ad0s1b	/dev/vg00/lvol2	/dev/sda2	/dev/vx/dsk/swapvol	/dev/rz0b
Swap file type	/etc/swapspaces	swap	swap	partition type 82	swap	raw
Display swap size	lsps –a	swapinfo	swapinfo -a	Free	swap -l	swapon -s
Activate Swap	swapon -a	swapon -a	swapon -a	swapon -a	swap -a	swapon -a

 

 

主流服务器UNIX操作系统打印机、TCP/IP设置

Printers	AIX	FreeBSD	HP-UX
Printer Queues	/etc/qconfig	/var/spool/print	/etc/lp/interface/*
Stop LP	stopsrc -s lpd		lpshut
Start LP	startsrc -s lpd	Lpd	lpsched
Submit print jobs	enq lp lpr qprt	Lp	lp
LP statistics	enq -A lpq lpstat qchk	Lpq	lpstat
Remove print jobs	cancel lprm qcan enq –x	Cancel lprm	cancel
Add printer queue	smit mkpq		lpadmin -p pq
Remove Printer Q	smit rmpq		lpadmin -x pq
Make default Prt	export LPDEST="pq"		lpadmin -d pq
TCP/IP	AIX	FreeBSD	HP-UX
Network IP configuration	lsattr -E -l inet0	/etc/rc.conf	/etc/rc.config.d/netconf
Hosts IP addresses	/etc/hosts	/etc/hosts	/etc/hosts
Name service switch	/etc/netsvc.conf	/etc/host.conf	/etc/nsswitch.conf
Network parameters	no –a	Sysctl	ndd -h
Routing daemon	Gated	Routed	gated
NIC Configurations	ifconfig –a	ifconfig -a	lanscan -v
Secondary IP Addr	ifconfig en0 alias IP	ifconfig xl0 alias IP	ifconfig lan0:1 IP  (solaris also)
Login prompt	HERALD @ /etc/security/login.cfg		telnetd –b /etc/issue
Increase the # of pseudo-terminals	odmget -q "attribute=num and uniquetype=pty/pty/pty" PdAt | sed "s/0-64/0-512/" | odmchange -q "attribute=num and uniquetype=pty/pty/pty" -o PdAt chdev -l pty0 -anum=256 -P reboot		rebuild your kernel with these new values NPTY=#  NSTRPY=# reboot insf -d ptys -n # insf -d ptym -n # insf -d pts -s # -e -v
Maximum # of ptys	512		{MAXUSERS}
Remote Shell	Remsh rsh	Rsh	remsh
YP/NIS service binder	/usr/lib/netsvc/yp/ypbind	/usr/sbin/ypbind	/usr/lib/netsvc/yp/ypbind

 

主流服务器UNIX操作系统打印机、TCP/IP设置 续

Printers	Linux (Redhat)	Solaris(SPARC)	Tru64
Printer Queues	/var/spool/lpd/lp/*	/etc/lp/interfaces/*	/usr/spool/lpd
Stop LP	/etc/init.d/lpd stop	/usr/lib/lp/lpshut	/sbin/init.d/lpd stop
Start LP	/etc/init.d/lpd start	/usr/lib/lp/lpsched	/sbin/init.d/lpd start
Submit print jobs	Lpr	Lp lpr	Lp lpr
LP statistics	Lpq	Lpstat	Lpstat
Remove print jobs	Lprm	Cancel lprm	cancel lprm
Add printer queue	Printtool	lpadmin -p pq	Lprsetup
Remove Printer Q		lpadmin -x pq	Lprsetup
Make default Prt		lpadmin -d pq	export PRINTER="lp"
TCP/IP	Linux( RedHat )	Solaris(SPARC)	Tru64
Network IP configuration	/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/	/etc/hostname.* /etc/inet/* /etc/defaultrouter	/etc/rc.config
Hosts IP addresses	/etc/hosts	/etc/inet/hosts	/etc/hosts
Name service switch	/etc/nsswitch.conf	/etc/nsswitch.conf	/etc/svc.conf
Network parameters	sysctl -a | grep net	Ndd /dev/[tcp|ip] ?
Routing daemon	routed	in.routed	routed
NIC Configurations	ifconfig -a	ifconfig –a	ifconfig -a
Secondary IP Addr	modprobe ip_alias ifconfig eth0:1 IP	ifconfig hme0:1 IP up	ifconfig ln0 alias
Login prompt	/etc/issue	BANNER @ /etc/default/telnetd	/etc/issue
Increase the # of pseudo-terminals	cd /dev ./MAKEDEV -v pty	{/etc/system} set pt_cnt = #  {SYSV} set npty = #   {BSD} {/etc/iu.ap} ptsl 0 # ldterm ttcompat halt boot –r	cd /dev ./MAKEDEV PTY_1
Maximum # of ptys	256	176       {BSD} 3000      {SYSV}	8192
Remote Shell	rsh	Rsh	rsh
YP/NIS service binder	/sbin/ypbind	/usr/lib/netsvc/yp/ypbind	/usr/sbin/ypbin

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

主流服务器UNIX操作系统系统文件

System Files	AIX	FreeBSD	HP-UX
NFS exported	/etc/exports	/etc/exports	/etc/exports
NFS Client mounted directories	/etc/xtab		/etc/xtab
Max File System	128 GB		128 GB
Max File Size	64 GB		128 GB
Max # File Descriptors	64 K		60~ K

 

System Files	Linux (RedHat)	Solaris	Tru64
NFS exported	/etc/exports	/etc/dfs/dfstab /etc/dfs/sharetab	/etc/exports
NFS Client mounted directories	/var/lib/nfs/xtab	/etc/rmtab	/var/adm/mountdtab
Max File System	2 TB	1 TB 8000 TB {vxfs}	128 GB {<= 3.2G} 512 GB {>= 4.0} 16 TB {advfs}
Max File Size	2 GB    {512B block size} 8192 GB {8KB block size}	1 TB 2 GB {=<2.5.1}	128 GB {<= 3.2G} 512 GB {>= 4.0} 16 TB {advfs}
Max # File Descriptors	sysctl fs.file-max	64 K	64 K

 

主流服务器UNIX操作系统磁盘与逻辑卷命令

DISK/LVM Commands	AIX	FreeBSD	HP-UX
Filesystem table	/etc/filesystems	/etc/fstab	/etc/fstab
Free disk blocks	df -k	df -k	bdf
Device listing	lsdev -C		/sbin/ioscan
Disk information	bootinfo -s hdisk#	fdisk -v ad0	diskinfo /dev/rdsk/c#t#d#
Disk Label	lspv -l hdisk#	disklabel ad0	pvdisplay -v /dev/dsk/C#t#d#
LVM Concepts	Partition	sub disk	logical extents
	Volume	Volume	logical volume
		Plex
	Volume group		volume group
Journal Filesystem type	jfs		Vxfs
Default volume group	/dev/rootvg		/dev/vg00
Display volume group	lsvg -l rootvg		vgdisplay -v vg00
Modify physical volume	chpv		Pvchange
Prepare physical disk	mkdev -c disk -l hdisk#		pvcreate
List physical volume	lspv	vinum ld	pvdisplay
Remove disk from volume group	reducevg		vgreduce
Move logical volumes to another physical volumes	migratepv	vinum move -f drive object	pvmove
Create volume group	mkvg		vgcreate
Remove volume group			vgremove
Volume group availability	chvg varyonvg varyoffvg		vgchange
Restore volume group			vgcfgrestore
Exports volume group	exportvg		vgexport
Imports volume group	importvg		vgimport
Volume group listing	lsvg		Vgscan   是一样的么？
Change logical volume characteristics	chlv		lvchange
List logical volume	lslv	vinum lv	lvdisplay
Make logical volume	mklv		lvcreate
Extend logical volume	extendlv		lvextend
Reduce logical volume	AIX reduce LV		Lvreduce 如何用？
Remove logical volume	rmlv	vinum rm vol	lvremove
Prepare boot volumes	bootlist -m normal		lvlnboot
Remove boot volumes			lvrmboot
Extend File system	chfs -a size=# /mt		extendfs /dev/vg00/lvol8 fsadm -F vxfs -b {LE * 1024} /mt
Reduce/Split mirrors	rmlvcopy		lvsplit
Merge mirrors			lvmerge
Create mirrors	mklv -c 2	vinum mirror drive	lvcreate -m 1
Add mirrors	mklvcopy lv 2		lvextend -m 1
Create striped volumes	mklv -u 3 -S 64K	vinum stripe drive	lvcreate -i 3 -I 64
System recovery tape	mksysb -i /dev/rmt0		/opt/ignite/bin/make_recovery
Backup	savevg -i rootvg	vinum saveconfig	fbackup
Restore	restvg		frecover

 

主流服务器UNIX操作系统磁盘与逻辑卷命令 续

DISK/LVM Commands	Linux (RedHat)	Solaris (SPARC)	Tru64
Filesystem table	/etc/fstab	/etc/vfstab	/etc/fstab
Free disk blocks	df -k	df –k	df -k
Device listing	cat /proc/devices	Sysdef
Disk information	cat /proc/scsi/scsi0/sda/model	format -d c#t#d# format>current format>inquiry	file /dev/rrz0c
Disk Label	fdisk -l	Prtvtoc	disklabel -p rz0
LVM Concepts	logical extents	sub disk	sub disk
	logical volume	Volume	Volume
		Plex	Plex
	volume group	disk group	disk group
Journal Filesystem type	ext2  居然是jfs的？	Vxfs	Advfs  居然是jfs的？
Default volume group		/dev/vx/dsk/rootdg 居然有 vg？	/dev/vol/rootdg 居然有 vg？
Display volume group	vgdisplay -v	vxprint -l -g rootdg	volprint -l -g rootdg
Modify physical volume	pvchange
Prepare physical disk	pvcreate	vxdiskadd	voldiskadd
List physical volume	pvdisplay	vxprint -dl	volprint -dl
Remove disk from volume group	vgreduce	vxdg rmdisk	voldg rmdisk
Move logical volumes to another physical volumes	pvmove	vxassist move	volassist move
Create volume group	vgcreate	vxdg init	voldg init
Remove volume group	vgremove
Volume group availability	vgchange
Restore volume group	vgcfgrestore
Exports volume group	vgexport	vxdg deport	voldg deport
Imports volume group	vgimport	vxdg import	voldg import
Volume group listing	vgscan
Change logical volume characteristics	lvchange	vxedit set	voledit set
List logical volume	lvdisplay	vxprint -vl	volprint -vl
Make logical volume	lvcreate	vxassist make	volassist make
Extend logical volume	lvextend	vxassist growto	volassist growto
Reduce logical volume	lvreduce	vxassist shrinkto	volassist shrinkto
Remove logical volume	lvremove	vxedit rm	voledit -g rootdg -rf rm vol1
Prepare boot volumes	lilo	vxbootsetup
Remove boot volumes
Extend File system	resize2fs	vxva mkfs -M
Reduce/Split mirrors	lvsplit
Merge mirrors	lvmerge
Create mirrors		vxassist mirror	volassist make vol 100mb mirror=true
Add mirrors
Create striped volumes	lvcreate -i 3 -I 64	vxassist make vol 100mb layout=raid5	volassist make vol 100mb layout=stripe
System recovery tape			/usr/sys/bin/btcreate
Backup	tar cvf /dev/rst0 /	ufsdump	vdump
Restore	tar xvf /dev/rst0  这一列对不对？	ufsrestore	vrestore

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

主流服务器UNIX操作系统安装与卸载

Software	AIX	FreeBSD	HP-UX
Install Software	installp -a	pkg_add	swinstall
Uninstall software	installp -u	pkg_delete	swremove
List installed software	lslpp -L all	pkg_info -a	swlist
Verify installed software	lppchk -v		swlist -l fileset -a state
List all files	lslpp -f fileset	pkg_info -L package	swlist -l file fileset
List installed patches	instfix -i		swlist -l patch what /stand/vmunix
Package owner	lslpp -w path		swlist -l file | grep path
SW Directory	/usr/lpp	/var/db/pkg	/var/adm/sw/

 

Software	Linux (RedHat)	Solaris (SPARC)	Tru64
Install Software	rpm -i package	pkgadd	setld -l
Uninstall software	rpm -e package	pkgrm	setld -d
List installed software	rpm -qa	pkginfo	setld -i
Verify installed software	rpm -V package	pkginfo -i pkginfo -p	setld -v
List all files	rpm -ql package	pkgchk -l package	setld -i package
List installed patches		patchadd -p	dupatch -track -type patch
Package owner	rpm -qf file	pkgchk -l -p path
SW Directory	/var/lib/rpm	/var/sadm	/var/adm/smlogs

 

 

主流服务器UNIX操作系统技术支持信息

Links	AIX	HP-UX	Linux (RedHat)
FAQ	AIX-FAQ	HP-UX FAQ 这个和我知道的一个？	LINUX FAQ
Online Manual	AIX 4.3 Books	HP-UX 11.00 Collection	Linux Documentation Project
Technical Support	RS/6000 TechSupport	IT Resource Center	Red Hat support
Phone Number	1-800-CALL-AIX	1-800-633-3600	1-888-REDHAT1
Free Software	Bull	HP-UX Ports	Linux Software Map
Certification	www.ibm.com	education.hp.com	RHCE

 

Links	FreeBSD	Solaris (SPARC)	Tru64
FAQ	FreeBSD FAQ	Solaris 2 FAQ	Tru64 FAQ
Online Manual	FreeBSD Hand Book	Solaris 7 Documentation	Tru64 Documents
Technical Support		SunSolve	Alpha Systems Support
Phone Number		1-800-USA-4SUN
Free Software	FreeBSD Primary Site	Sun Freeware	Tru64 Demos, Shareware & Freeware
Certification		suned.sun.com	ASE Information

 

主流服务器UNIX操作系统其它命令

MISC	AIX	FreeBSD	HP-UX
Startup script	/etc/rc	/etc/rc	/sbin/rc
Kernel	/usr/lib/boot/unix_up	/kernel	/stand/vmunix
Kernel Parameters	lsattr -E -l sys0	sysctl -a	sysdef   kmtune  kmsystem
Reconfigure the kernel	chdev -l sys0 -a	cd /sys/i386/conf vi KERNEL config KERNEL cd ../../compile\ /KERNEL make depend make make install	cd /stand/build\ /usr/lbin/sysadm\ /system_prep -v -s system vi system mk_kernel -s system cd /stand mv system system.prev mv vmunix vmunix.prev mv dlkm dlkm.prev mv /stand/build\ /system system kmupdate /stand/build\ /vmunix_test
List modules	genkex	kldstat	kmadmin –s
Load module		kldload	kmadmin –L
Unload module		kldunload	kmadmin –U
Initialize system	install_assist	/stand/sysinstall	set_parms initial
Physical RAM	bootinfo -r	sysctl hw.physmem	grep -i Physical\ /var/adm/syslog\ /syslog.log
Kernel Bits	bootinfo -k		getconf KERNEL_BITS
Crash utility	Crash	crash	Adb
Trace System Calls	Syscalls	truss	tusc
Machine model	uname -m bootinfo -m	uname -m	model uname -m
OS Level	Oslevel	uname -r	uname -r
Run Level	who –r		who -r
Core dump files	/var/adm/ras		/var/adm/crash
Boot single user	Key on service mode/F4 Boot from CD/Tape Select Maintenance Limited function Shell	ok boot –s	>boot Interact with IPL ? Y ISL>hpux -iS
Maintenance mode		ok boot –as	>boot Interact with IPL ? Y ISL>hpux -lm
Interrupt Key			control-B
Return to console			Co
Timezone Management	/etc/environment /etc/profile	/etc/localtime	/etc/TIMEZONE
NTP Daemon 如何用它？	/etc/ntp.conf startsrc -s xntpd	/etc/rc.conf {xntpd enable="YES"} /etc/rc.network	/etc/rc.config.d\ /netdaemons /sbin/init.d/xntpd

主流服务器UNIX操作系统其它命令 续

MISC	Linux (RedHat)	Solaris (SPARC)	Tru64
Startup script	/etc/rc.d/rc	/sbin/init.d	/sbin/init.d
Kernel	/boot/vmlinuz	/kernel/genunix	/vmunix
Kernel Parameters	sysctl -a	sysdef –I	sysconfig   dxkerneltuner
Reconfigure the kernel	cd /usr/src/linux  make mrproper  make menuconfig  make dep;clean;bzImage;install  make modules make modules_install cp arch/i386/boot/bzImage /boot/vmlinuz mkinitrd /boot/initrd-2.4.img 2.4 vi /etc/lilo.conf lilo	vi /etc/system reboot	doconfig
List modules	lsmod	modinfo
Load module	insmod	modload
Unload module	rmmod	modunload
Initialize system	netconf	sys-unconfig	netsetup
Physical RAM	free	prtconf	uerf | grep memory
Kernel Bits	getconf WORD_BIT	isainfo -kv	64
Crash utility	lcrash	crash	kdbx
Trace System Calls	strace	truss	trace
Machine model	uname -m	uname -imp	uname -p
OS Level	uname -r	uname -r	sizer -v
Run Level	runlevel	who -r	who -r
Core dump files		/var/crash/`uname -n`
Boot single user	{lilo} control-x linux S {grub} c kernel vmlinuz-2.4.9-13 single   ro root=/dev/hda8 initrd /initrd-2.4.9-13.img boot	ok boot -s	>>> boot -fl s
Maintenance mode		ok boot -as
Interrupt Key		Stop-A	control-P
Return to console		ok go
Timezone Management	/etc/sysconfig/clock	/etc/TIMEZONE /etc/default/init	/etc/svid3_tz timezone
NTP Daemon	/etc/ntp.conf /etc/rc.d/init.d/xntpd	/etc/inet/ntp.conf /etc/init.d/xntpd	rcmgr set XNTPD_CONF YES /sbin/init.d/xntpd

 

主流服务器UNIX操作系统设备管理

Devices	AIX	FreeBSD	HP-UX
Devices	/dev	/dev	/dev
Install devices for attached peripherals	cfgmgr –v	/dev/MAKEDEV	insf -e
Remove device	rmdev –l		rmsf
Device drivers	Lscfg		lsdev
CPU	lsdev -Cc processor	sysctl hw.model	ioscan -fnC processor
List Terminal	lsdev -Cc tty		ioscan -fnC tty
Diagnostics	Diag	pciconf -l	Stm
Whole Disk	/dev/hdisk#	/dev/ad0s1c	/dev/dsk/c#t#d0
CDROM	/dev/cd0	/dev/acd0c	/dev/dsk/c#t2d0
CDROM file type	Cdrfs	cd9660	Cdfs
Rewinding tape drive	/dev/rmt0	/dev/rwt0d	/dev/rmt/0m
Floppy drive	/dev/rfd0	/dev/fd0	-
Non-rewinding tape drive	/dev/rmt0.1	/dev/nrwt0d	/dev/rmt/0mn

 

Devices	Linux (RedHat)	Solaris (SPARC)	Tru64
Devices	/dev	/devices	/dev
Install devices for attached peripherals	/dev/MAKEDEV	drvconfig devlinks disks tapes ports	scu scan edt scsimgr -scan_all
Remove device		rem_drv
Device drivers		prtconf -D
CPU	cat /proc/cpuinfo	psrinfo -v	psrinfo -v
List Terminal		pmadm -l
Diagnostics		/usr/platform/`uname -m`/ sbin/prtdiag ok test-all /opt/SUNWvts/bin/sunvts
Whole Disk	/dev/sda	/dev/c#t#d0s2	/dev/rz0c
CDROM	/dev/cdrom	/dev/dsk/c#t6d0s2	/dev/rz3c
CDROM file type	iso9660	hsfs	cdfs
Rewinding tape drive	/dev/rst0  {c 9 0}	/dev/rmt/0	/dev/rmt0
Floppy drive	/dev/fd0	/dev/diskette	/dev/fd0c
Non-rewinding tape drive	/dev/nrst0 {c 9 128}	/dev/rmt/0n	/dev/nrmt0