JSP技术

Jsp页面就是一个Servlet,其运行在jsp容器中

Jsp的运行过程:

1.转换成Servlet类,转换有无,消息将发送到客户端

2.转换成功,运行Servlet类

这也就是为什么添加一个新的JSP页面不需要重启Tomact的原因

如果再次请求jsp页面,则会判断该jsp页面有没更改过,如果没有更改过,则会直接执行内存总存在的Servlet,否则,转换—>编译—>执行

JSP的API主要有如下:

javax.servlet.jsp                        jsp的核心类库
javax.servlet.jsp.el                   EL表达式
javax.servlet.jsp.tagex             定制标签的类库

API网址:https://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-5.5-doc/jspapi/

转化成的servlet代码如下:

package org.apache.jsp;

import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import javax.servlet.jsp.*;
import java.util.*;

public final class index_jsp extends org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase
    implements org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspSourceDependent,
                 org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspSourceImports {

  private static final javax.servlet.jsp.JspFactory _jspxFactory =
          javax.servlet.jsp.JspFactory.getDefaultFactory();

  private static java.util.Map<java.lang.String,java.lang.Long> _jspx_dependants;

  private static final java.util.Set<java.lang.String> _jspx_imports_packages;

  private static final java.util.Set<java.lang.String> _jspx_imports_classes;

  static {
    _jspx_imports_packages = new java.util.HashSet<>();
    _jspx_imports_packages.add("javax.servlet");
    _jspx_imports_packages.add("java.util");
    _jspx_imports_packages.add("javax.servlet.jsp");
    _jspx_imports_packages.add("javax.servlet.http");
    _jspx_imports_classes = null;
  }

  private volatile javax.el.ExpressionFactory _el_expressionfactory;
  private volatile org.apache.tomcat.InstanceManager _jsp_instancemanager;

  public java.util.Map<java.lang.String,java.lang.Long> getDependants() {
    return _jspx_dependants;
  }

  public java.util.Set<java.lang.String> getPackageImports() {
    return _jspx_imports_packages;
  }

  public java.util.Set<java.lang.String> getClassImports() {
    return _jspx_imports_classes;
  }

  public javax.el.ExpressionFactory _jsp_getExpressionFactory() {
    if (_el_expressionfactory == null) {
      synchronized (this) {
        if (_el_expressionfactory == null) {
          _el_expressionfactory = _jspxFactory.getJspApplicationContext(getServletConfig().getServletContext()).getExpressionFactory();
        }
      }
    }
    return _el_expressionfactory;
  }

  public org.apache.tomcat.InstanceManager _jsp_getInstanceManager() {
    if (_jsp_instancemanager == null) {
      synchronized (this) {
        if (_jsp_instancemanager == null) {
          _jsp_instancemanager = org.apache.jasper.runtime.InstanceManagerFactory.getInstanceManager(getServletConfig());
        }
      }
    }
    return _jsp_instancemanager;
  }

  public void _jspInit() {
  }

  public void _jspDestroy() {
  }

  public void _jspService(final javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest request, final javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse response)
        throws java.io.IOException, javax.servlet.ServletException {

final java.lang.String _jspx_method = request.getMethod();
if (!"GET".equals(_jspx_method) && !"POST".equals(_jspx_method) && !"HEAD".equals(_jspx_method) && !javax.servlet.DispatcherType.ERROR.equals(request.getDispatcherType())) {
response.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED, "JSPs only permit GET POST or HEAD");
return;
}

    final javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext pageContext;
    javax.servlet.http.HttpSession session = null;
    final javax.servlet.ServletContext application;
    final javax.servlet.ServletConfig config;
    javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter out = null;
    final java.lang.Object page = this;
    javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter _jspx_out = null;
    javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext _jspx_page_context = null;


    try {
      response.setContentType("text/html;charset=ISO-8859-1");
      pageContext = _jspxFactory.getPageContext(this, request, response,
      			null, true, 8192, true);
      _jspx_page_context = pageContext;
      application = pageContext.getServletContext();
      config = pageContext.getServletConfig();
      session = pageContext.getSession();
      out = pageContext.getOut();
      _jspx_out = out;

      out.write('\r');
      out.write('\n');

String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";

      out.write("\r\n");
      out.write("\r\n");
      out.write("<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN\">\r\n");
      out.write("<html>\r\n");
      out.write("  <head>\r\n");
      out.write("    <base href=\"");
      out.print(basePath);
      out.write("\">\r\n");
      out.write("    \r\n");
      out.write("    <title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title>\r\n");
      out.write("\t<meta http-equiv=\"pragma\" content=\"no-cache\">\r\n");
      out.write("\t<meta http-equiv=\"cache-control\" content=\"no-cache\">\r\n");
      out.write("\t<meta http-equiv=\"expires\" content=\"0\">    \r\n");
      out.write("\t<meta http-equiv=\"keywords\" content=\"keyword1,keyword2,keyword3\">\r\n");
      out.write("\t<meta http-equiv=\"description\" content=\"This is my page\">\r\n");
      out.write("\t<!--\r\n");
      out.write("\t<link rel=\"stylesheet\" type=\"text/css\" href=\"styles.css\">\r\n");
      out.write("\t-->\r\n");
      out.write("  </head>\r\n");
      out.write("  \r\n");
      out.write("  <body>\r\n");
      out.write("    This is my JSP page. <br>\r\n");
      out.write("  </body>\r\n");
      out.write("</html>\r\n");
    } catch (java.lang.Throwable t) {
      if (!(t instanceof javax.servlet.jsp.SkipPageException)){
        out = _jspx_out;
        if (out != null && out.getBufferSize() != 0)
          try {
            if (response.isCommitted()) {
              out.flush();
            } else {
              out.clearBuffer();
            }
          } catch (java.io.IOException e) {}
        if (_jspx_page_context != null) _jspx_page_context.handlePageException(t);
        else throw new ServletException(t);
      }
    } finally {
      _jspxFactory.releasePageContext(_jspx_page_context);
    }
  }
}

可以看到,其主体是在_jspService方法中,而_jspService是doService调用的,也就是一个Servlet的调用。

if (!"GET".equals(_jspx_method) && !"POST".equals(_jspx_method) && !"HEAD".equals(_jspx_method) && !javax.servlet.DispatcherType.ERROR.equals(request.getDispatcherType())) {
response.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED, "JSPs only permit GET POST or HEAD");

也可以从中看到,其请求方式只能是get和post的原因.


注释

jsp注释使用<%-- --%>,该注释不会发送到浏览器,而html/xml<!--  -->这种注释会发送到html


隐式对象



我们在jsp页面使用的request对象的都是其通过pageContext得到的


指令:

表示其将jsp页面怎么转换成servlet

page指令:

<%@ page attribute="value" ...%>

例如:添加其java类库

<%@page import="java.text.DateFormat" %>

include指令:

把另一个jsp页面中的内容放入当前页面中

<%@ include file="url" %>      该url如果以/开头,就是绝对路径,否则是相对路径,一般和当前页面在同一个文件夹下

 

脚本元素

a.scriptlet:java代码块,以<%开头,%>结束

 <% DateFormatdateFormat=DateFormat.getDateInstance(DateFormat.LONG);

       String s=dateFormat.format(new Date());

      out.println(s);

      %>

对于第一个scriptlet中定义的变量,在第二个中可以使用

b.表达式

其运算结果会被添加到out.print中,以<%开头,%>结束

<%=Calendar.getInstance().getTime()%>

注意:不需要分号

c.声明

声明在jsp页面中使用的变量和方法,使用<%!%>包起来

声明如下:

 <%! StringgetStr(){

           return "Str";

        } %>

调用:

 <%=getStr()%>

 

动作:

a.useBean

创建一个与java对象相关的脚本对象,就是创建一个java对象

例子:

<jsp:useBean id="today"class="java.util.Date"></jsp:useBean>

调用:

<%=today %>

转换成的servlet代码如下,可以看到使一个java对象变量

java.util.Date today = null;

      today =(java.util.Date) _jspx_page_context.getAttribute("today",javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext.PAGE_SCOPE);

      if (today ==null){

        today = newjava.util.Date();

       _jspx_page_context.setAttribute("today", today,javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext.PAGE_SCOPE);

      }

     out.print(today );

b.setProperty和getProperty

<!-- 先创建一个Java对象 -->

    <jsp:useBeanid="product" class="studyservlet.Product"scope="page"></jsp:useBean>

    <!-- 这个对象的这个属性设置值,property表示其那个属性,name表示其那个对象 ,value表示其设置的值 -->

    <jsp:setPropertyproperty="name" name="product" value="jsp"/>

    <!--得到这个对象的值  -->

    FormfirstName:<jsp:getProperty property="name"name="product"/>

注意:类必须有一个默认的构造器,负责会报错

c.include

<jsp:include page="includefile.jsp">
    <jsp:param value="how are you" name="text"/>
    </jsp:include>

前面学习的时候也有一个include指令,那么这两个有什么区别了

(1)include指令:在jsp转换成servlet时产生,  include动作发生在请求的时候

(2)在使用include指令时,文件资源扩展名不作要求,在使用include动作时,其扩展名必须为jsp,如果扩展名是jspf,则会当做静态文件进行处理.

 org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspRuntimeLibrary.include(request, response, "includefile.jsp" + "?" + org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspRuntimeLibrary.URLEncode("text", request.getCharacterEncoding())+ "=" + org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspRuntimeLibrary.URLEncode("how are you", request.getCharacterEncoding()), out, false);

从上面转换成的servlet也可以看到,其include是一个请求

d.forward

<jsp:forward page="includefile.jsp">
    <jsp:param value="forward" name="forward"/>
    </jsp:forward>

前面学习指令的时候,我们也学习了include,那么和include动作有什么区别了

1.include指令是发生在jsp转换成servlet的时候,而include动作是在请求的时候

2.当include是指令时,其文件的扩展名任意,但是include是动作时,其扩展名必须是jsp作为扩展名,如果扩展名是jspf,则会当做静态资源.


错误处理:

自定义异常页面

<%@ page isErrorPage="true" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
xaxaxaxasx
 <% out.println(exception.toString()); %>
</body>
</html>

其它页面捕获该异常页面

<%@page errorPage="errorHandle.jsp" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<%Integer.parseInt("adsa"); %>
</body>
</html>




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