Jsp页面就是一个Servlet,其运行在jsp容器中
Jsp的运行过程:
1.转换成Servlet类,转换有无,消息将发送到客户端
2.转换成功,运行Servlet类
这也就是为什么添加一个新的JSP页面不需要重启Tomact的原因
如果再次请求jsp页面,则会判断该jsp页面有没更改过,如果没有更改过,则会直接执行内存总存在的Servlet,否则,转换—>编译—>执行
JSP的API主要有如下:javax.servlet.jsp jsp的核心类库
javax.servlet.jsp.el EL表达式
javax.servlet.jsp.tagex 定制标签的类库
API网址:https://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-5.5-doc/jspapi/
转化成的servlet代码如下:
package org.apache.jsp;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import javax.servlet.jsp.*;
import java.util.*;
public final class index_jsp extends org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase
implements org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspSourceDependent,
org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspSourceImports {
private static final javax.servlet.jsp.JspFactory _jspxFactory =
javax.servlet.jsp.JspFactory.getDefaultFactory();
private static java.util.Map<java.lang.String,java.lang.Long> _jspx_dependants;
private static final java.util.Set<java.lang.String> _jspx_imports_packages;
private static final java.util.Set<java.lang.String> _jspx_imports_classes;
static {
_jspx_imports_packages = new java.util.HashSet<>();
_jspx_imports_packages.add("javax.servlet");
_jspx_imports_packages.add("java.util");
_jspx_imports_packages.add("javax.servlet.jsp");
_jspx_imports_packages.add("javax.servlet.http");
_jspx_imports_classes = null;
}
private volatile javax.el.ExpressionFactory _el_expressionfactory;
private volatile org.apache.tomcat.InstanceManager _jsp_instancemanager;
public java.util.Map<java.lang.String,java.lang.Long> getDependants() {
return _jspx_dependants;
}
public java.util.Set<java.lang.String> getPackageImports() {
return _jspx_imports_packages;
}
public java.util.Set<java.lang.String> getClassImports() {
return _jspx_imports_classes;
}
public javax.el.ExpressionFactory _jsp_getExpressionFactory() {
if (_el_expressionfactory == null) {
synchronized (this) {
if (_el_expressionfactory == null) {
_el_expressionfactory = _jspxFactory.getJspApplicationContext(getServletConfig().getServletContext()).getExpressionFactory();
}
}
}
return _el_expressionfactory;
}
public org.apache.tomcat.InstanceManager _jsp_getInstanceManager() {
if (_jsp_instancemanager == null) {
synchronized (this) {
if (_jsp_instancemanager == null) {
_jsp_instancemanager = org.apache.jasper.runtime.InstanceManagerFactory.getInstanceManager(getServletConfig());
}
}
}
return _jsp_instancemanager;
}
public void _jspInit() {
}
public void _jspDestroy() {
}
public void _jspService(final javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest request, final javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse response)
throws java.io.IOException, javax.servlet.ServletException {
final java.lang.String _jspx_method = request.getMethod();
if (!"GET".equals(_jspx_method) && !"POST".equals(_jspx_method) && !"HEAD".equals(_jspx_method) && !javax.servlet.DispatcherType.ERROR.equals(request.getDispatcherType())) {
response.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED, "JSPs only permit GET POST or HEAD");
return;
}
final javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext pageContext;
javax.servlet.http.HttpSession session = null;
final javax.servlet.ServletContext application;
final javax.servlet.ServletConfig config;
javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter out = null;
final java.lang.Object page = this;
javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter _jspx_out = null;
javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext _jspx_page_context = null;
try {
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=ISO-8859-1");
pageContext = _jspxFactory.getPageContext(this, request, response,
null, true, 8192, true);
_jspx_page_context = pageContext;
application = pageContext.getServletContext();
config = pageContext.getServletConfig();
session = pageContext.getSession();
out = pageContext.getOut();
_jspx_out = out;
out.write('\r');
out.write('\n');
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
out.write("\r\n");
out.write("\r\n");
out.write("<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN\">\r\n");
out.write("<html>\r\n");
out.write(" <head>\r\n");
out.write(" <base href=\"");
out.print(basePath);
out.write("\">\r\n");
out.write(" \r\n");
out.write(" <title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title>\r\n");
out.write("\t<meta http-equiv=\"pragma\" content=\"no-cache\">\r\n");
out.write("\t<meta http-equiv=\"cache-control\" content=\"no-cache\">\r\n");
out.write("\t<meta http-equiv=\"expires\" content=\"0\"> \r\n");
out.write("\t<meta http-equiv=\"keywords\" content=\"keyword1,keyword2,keyword3\">\r\n");
out.write("\t<meta http-equiv=\"description\" content=\"This is my page\">\r\n");
out.write("\t<!--\r\n");
out.write("\t<link rel=\"stylesheet\" type=\"text/css\" href=\"styles.css\">\r\n");
out.write("\t-->\r\n");
out.write(" </head>\r\n");
out.write(" \r\n");
out.write(" <body>\r\n");
out.write(" This is my JSP page. <br>\r\n");
out.write(" </body>\r\n");
out.write("</html>\r\n");
} catch (java.lang.Throwable t) {
if (!(t instanceof javax.servlet.jsp.SkipPageException)){
out = _jspx_out;
if (out != null && out.getBufferSize() != 0)
try {
if (response.isCommitted()) {
out.flush();
} else {
out.clearBuffer();
}
} catch (java.io.IOException e) {}
if (_jspx_page_context != null) _jspx_page_context.handlePageException(t);
else throw new ServletException(t);
}
} finally {
_jspxFactory.releasePageContext(_jspx_page_context);
}
}
}
可以看到,其主体是在_jspService方法中,而_jspService是doService调用的,也就是一个Servlet的调用。
if (!"GET".equals(_jspx_method) && !"POST".equals(_jspx_method) && !"HEAD".equals(_jspx_method) && !javax.servlet.DispatcherType.ERROR.equals(request.getDispatcherType())) {
response.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED, "JSPs only permit GET POST or HEAD");
也可以从中看到,其请求方式只能是get和post的原因.
注释
jsp注释使用<%-- --%>,该注释不会发送到浏览器,而html/xml<!-- -->这种注释会发送到html
隐式对象
我们在jsp页面使用的request对象的都是其通过pageContext得到的
指令:
表示其将jsp页面怎么转换成servlet
page指令:
<%@ page attribute="value" ...%>
例如:添加其java类库
<%@page import="java.text.DateFormat" %>
include指令:
把另一个jsp页面中的内容放入当前页面中
<%@ include file="url" %> 该url如果以/开头,就是绝对路径,否则是相对路径,一般和当前页面在同一个文件夹下
脚本元素
a.scriptlet:java代码块,以<%开头,%>结束
<% DateFormatdateFormat=DateFormat.getDateInstance(DateFormat.LONG);
String s=dateFormat.format(new Date());
out.println(s);
%>
对于第一个scriptlet中定义的变量,在第二个中可以使用
b.表达式
其运算结果会被添加到out.print中,以<%开头,%>结束
<%=Calendar.getInstance().getTime()%>
注意:不需要分号
c.声明
声明在jsp页面中使用的变量和方法,使用<%!%>包起来
声明如下:
<%! StringgetStr(){
return "Str";
} %>
调用:
<%=getStr()%>
动作:
a.useBean
创建一个与java对象相关的脚本对象,就是创建一个java对象
例子:
<jsp:useBean id="today"class="java.util.Date"></jsp:useBean>
调用:
<%=today %>
转换成的servlet代码如下,可以看到使一个java对象变量
java.util.Date today = null;
today =(java.util.Date) _jspx_page_context.getAttribute("today",javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext.PAGE_SCOPE);
if (today ==null){
today = newjava.util.Date();
_jspx_page_context.setAttribute("today", today,javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext.PAGE_SCOPE);
}
out.print(today );
b.setProperty和getProperty
<!-- 先创建一个Java对象 -->
<jsp:useBeanid="product" class="studyservlet.Product"scope="page"></jsp:useBean>
<!-- 这个对象的这个属性设置值,property表示其那个属性,name表示其那个对象 ,value表示其设置的值 -->
<jsp:setPropertyproperty="name" name="product" value="jsp"/>
<!--得到这个对象的值 -->
FormfirstName:<jsp:getProperty property="name"name="product"/>
注意:类必须有一个默认的构造器,负责会报错
c.include
<jsp:include page="includefile.jsp">
<jsp:param value="how are you" name="text"/>
</jsp:include>
前面学习的时候也有一个include指令,那么这两个有什么区别了
(1)include指令:在jsp转换成servlet时产生, include动作发生在请求的时候
(2)在使用include指令时,文件资源扩展名不作要求,在使用include动作时,其扩展名必须为jsp,如果扩展名是jspf,则会当做静态文件进行处理.
org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspRuntimeLibrary.include(request, response, "includefile.jsp" + "?" + org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspRuntimeLibrary.URLEncode("text", request.getCharacterEncoding())+ "=" + org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspRuntimeLibrary.URLEncode("how are you", request.getCharacterEncoding()), out, false);
从上面转换成的servlet也可以看到,其include是一个请求
d.forward
<jsp:forward page="includefile.jsp">
<jsp:param value="forward" name="forward"/>
</jsp:forward>
前面学习指令的时候,我们也学习了include,那么和include动作有什么区别了
1.include指令是发生在jsp转换成servlet的时候,而include动作是在请求的时候
2.当include是指令时,其文件的扩展名任意,但是include是动作时,其扩展名必须是jsp作为扩展名,如果扩展名是jspf,则会当做静态资源.
错误处理:
自定义异常页面
<%@ page isErrorPage="true" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
xaxaxaxasx
<% out.println(exception.toString()); %>
</body>
</html>
其它页面捕获该异常页面
<%@page errorPage="errorHandle.jsp" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<%Integer.parseInt("adsa"); %>
</body>
</html>