Spring AOP
AOP 概述
AOP(Aspect-Oriented Programming, 面向切面编程): 是一种新的方法论, 是对传统 OOP(Object-Oriented Programming, 面向对象编程) 的补充.
AOP 的主要编程对象是切面(aspect), 而切面模块化横切关注点.
在应用 AOP 编程时, 仍然需要定义公共功能, 但可以明确的定义这个功能在哪里, 以什么方式应用, 并且不必修改受影响的类.
这样一来横切关注点就被模块化到特殊的对象(切面)里.
AOP 的好处:
1. 每个事物逻辑位于一个位置, 代码不分散, 便于维护和升级
2. 业务模块更简洁, 只包含核心业务代码.
AOP 术语
- 切面(Aspect): 横切关注点(跨越应用程序多个模块的功能)被模块化的特殊对象
- 通知(Advice): 切面必须要完成的工作
- 目标(Target): 被通知的对象
- 代理(Proxy): 向目标对象应用通知之后创建的对象
- 连接点(Joinpoint):程序执行的某个特定位置:如类某个方法调用前、调用后、方法抛出异常后等。连接点由两个信息确定:方法表示的程序执行点;相对点表示的方位。例如 ArithmethicCalculator#add() 方法执行前的连接点,执行点为 ArithmethicCalculator#add(); 方位为该方法执行前的位置
- 切点(pointcut):每个类都拥有多个连接点:例如 ArithmethicCalculator 的所有方法实际上都是连接点,即连接点是程序类中客观存在的事务。AOP 通过切点定位到特定的连接点。类比:连接点相当于数据库中的记录,切点相当于查询条件。切点和连接点不是一对一的关系,一个切点匹配多个连接点,切点通过 org.springframework.aop.Pointcut 接口进行描述,它使用类和方法作为连接点的查询条件。
Spring AOP
AspectJ:Java 社区里最完整最流行的 AOP 框架.
在 Spring2.0 以上版本中, 可以使用基于 AspectJ 注解或基于 XML 配置的 AOP
在 Spring 中启用 AspectJ 注解支持
- 要在 Spring 应用中使用 AspectJ 注解, 必须在 classpath 下包含 AspectJ 类库: aopalliance.jar、aspectj.weaver.jar 和 spring-aspects.jar
- 将 aop Schema 添加到 根元素中.
- 要在 Spring IOC 容器中启用 AspectJ 注解支持, 只要在 Bean 配置文件中定义一个空的 XML 元素
- 当 Spring IOC 容器侦测到 Bean 配置文件中的 元素时, 会自动为与 AspectJ 切面匹配的 Bean 创建代理.
用 AspectJ 注解声明切面
要在 Spring 中声明 AspectJ 切面, 只需要在 IOC 容器中将切面声明为 Bean 实例. 当在 Spring IOC 容器中初始化 AspectJ 切面之后, Spring IOC 容器就会为那些与 AspectJ 切面相匹配的 Bean 创建代理.
在 AspectJ 注解中, 切面只是一个带有 @Aspect 注解的 Java 类.
通知是标注有某种注解的简单的 Java 方法.
AspectJ 支持 5 种类型的通知注解:
1. @Before: 前置通知, 在方法执行之前执行
1. @After: 后置通知, 在方法执行之后执行
1. @AfterRunning: 返回通知, 在方法返回结果之后执行
1. @AfterThrowing: 异常通知, 在方法抛出异常之后
1. @Around: 环绕通知, 围绕着方法执行
example of AOP by annotation:
ArithmeticCalculator.java
package com.shan.spring.aop;
public interface ArithmeticCalculator {
int add(int i, int j);
int sub(int i, int j);
int mul(int i, int j);
int div(int i, int j);
}
ArithmeticCalculatorImpl
package com.shan.spring.aop;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component("arithmeticCalculator")
public class ArithmeticCalculatorImpl implements ArithmeticCalculator {
@Override
public int add(int i, int j) {
int result = i + j;
return result;
}
@Override
public int sub(int i, int j) {
int result = i - j;
return result;
}
@Override
public int mul(int i, int j) {
int result = i * j;
return result;
}
@Override
public int div(int i, int j) {
int result = i / j;
return result;
}
}
applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd">
<!-- 配置自动扫描的包 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.shan.spring.aop"></context:component-scan>
<!-- 配置自动为匹配 aspectJ 注解的 Java 类生成代理对象 -->
<aop:aspectj-autoproxy></aop:aspectj-autoproxy>
</beans>
切面在此 LoggingAspect.java
package com.shan.spring.aop;
import java.util.Arrays;
import org.aspectj.lang.JoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.After;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.AfterReturning;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.AfterThrowing;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Before;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Pointcut;
import org.springframework.core.annotation.Order;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
/**
* 可以使用 @Order 注解指定切面的优先级, 值越小优先级越高
*/
@Order(2)
@Aspect
@Component
public class LoggingAspect {
/**
* 定义一个方法, 用于声明切入点表达式. 一般地, 该方法中再不需要添入其他的代码.
* 使用 @Pointcut 来声明切入点表达式.
* 后面的其他通知直接使用方法名来引用当前的切入点表达式.
*/
@Pointcut("execution(public int com.shan.spring.aop.ArithmeticCalculator.*(..))")
public void declareJointPointExpression(){}
/**
* 在 com.shan.spring.aop.ArithmeticCalculator 接口的每一个实现类的每一个方法开始之前执行一段代码
*/
@Before("declareJointPointExpression()")
public void beforeMethod(JoinPoint joinPoint){
String methodName = joinPoint.getSignature().getName();
Object [] args = joinPoint.getArgs();
System.out.println("The method " + methodName + " begins with " + Arrays.asList(args));
}
/**
* 在方法执行之后执行的代码. 无论该方法是否出现异常
*/
@After("declareJointPointExpression()")
public void afterMethod(JoinPoint joinPoint){
String methodName = joinPoint.getSignature().getName();
System.out.println("The method " + methodName + " ends");
}
/**
* 在方法法正常结束受执行的代码
* 返回通知是可以访问到方法的返回值的!
*/
@AfterReturning(value="declareJointPointExpression()",
returning="result")
public void afterReturning(JoinPoint joinPoint, Object result){
String methodName = joinPoint.getSignature().getName();
System.out.println("The method " + methodName + " ends with " + result);
}
/**
* 在目标方法出现异常时会执行的代码.
* 可以访问到异常对象; 且可以指定在出现特定异常时在执行通知代码
*/
@AfterThrowing(value="declareJointPointExpression()",
throwing="e")
public void afterThrowing(JoinPoint joinPoint, Exception e){
String methodName = joinPoint.getSignature().getName();
System.out.println("The method " + methodName + " occurs excetion:" + e);
}
/**
* 环绕通知需要携带 ProceedingJoinPoint 类型的参数.
* 环绕通知类似于动态代理的全过程: ProceedingJoinPoint 类型的参数可以决定是否执行目标方法.
* 且环绕通知必须有返回值, 返回值即为目标方法的返回值
*/
/*
@Around("execution(public int com.shan.spring.aop.ArithmeticCalculator.*(..))")
public Object aroundMethod(ProceedingJoinPoint pjd){
Object result = null;
String methodName = pjd.getSignature().getName();
try {
//前置通知
System.out.println("The method " + methodName + " begins with " + Arrays.asList(pjd.getArgs()));
//执行目标方法
result = pjd.proceed();
//返回通知
System.out.println("The method " + methodName + " ends with " + result);
} catch (Throwable e) {
//异常通知
System.out.println("The method " + methodName + " occurs exception:" + e);
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
//后置通知
System.out.println("The method " + methodName + " ends");
return result;
}
*/
}
测试代码
package com.shan.spring.aop;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
ArithmeticCalculator arithmeticCalculator = (ArithmeticCalculator) ctx.getBean("arithmeticCalculator");
System.out.println(arithmeticCalculator.getClass().getName());
int result = arithmeticCalculator.add(1, 2);
System.out.println("result:" + result);
result = arithmeticCalculator.div(1000, 10);
System.out.println("result:" + result);
}
}
output
"C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_51\bin\java" -Didea.launcher.port=7534 "-Didea.launcher.bin.path=D:\asoftware\IntelliJ IDEA 14.1.4\bin" -Dfile.encoding=GBK -classpath "C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_51\jre\lib\charsets.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_51\jre\lib\deploy.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_51\jre\lib\javaws.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_51\jre\lib\jce.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_51\jre\lib\jfr.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_51\jre\lib\jfxswt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_51\jre\lib\jsse.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_51\jre\lib\management-agent.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_51\jre\lib\plugin.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_51\jre\lib\resources.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_51\jre\lib\rt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_51\jre\lib\ext\access-bridge-64.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_51\jre\lib\ext\cldrdata.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_51\jre\lib\ext\dnsns.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_51\jre\lib\ext\jaccess.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_51\jre\lib\ext\jfxrt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_51\jre\lib\ext\localedata.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_51\jre\lib\ext\nashorn.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_51\jre\lib\ext\sunec.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_51\jre\lib\ext\sunjce_provider.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_51\jre\lib\ext\sunmscapi.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_51\jre\lib\ext\sunpkcs11.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_51\jre\lib\ext\zipfs.jar;D:\myWork\LearnSpring\target\classes;D:\asoftware\IntelliJ IDEA 14.1.4\lib\junit-4.11.jar;D:\asoftware\IntelliJ IDEA 14.1.4\lib\hamcrest-core-1.3.jar;D:\asoftware\IntelliJ IDEA 14.1.4\lib\hamcrest-library-1.3.jar;D:\maven\repository\org\springframework\spring-core\4.0.2.RELEASE\spring-core-4.0.2.RELEASE.jar;D:\maven\repository\commons-logging\commons-logging\1.1.3\commons-logging-1.1.3.jar;D:\maven\repository\org\springframework\spring-web\4.0.2.RELEASE\spring-web-4.0.2.RELEASE.jar;D:\maven\repository\org\springframework\spring-beans\4.0.2.RELEASE\spring-beans-4.0.2.RELEASE.jar;D:\maven\repository\org\springframework\spring-context\4.0.2.RELEASE\spring-context-4.0.2.RELEASE.jar;D:\maven\repository\org\springframework\spring-oxm\4.0.2.RELEASE\spring-oxm-4.0.2.RELEASE.jar;D:\maven\repository\org\springframework\spring-tx\4.0.2.RELEASE\spring-tx-4.0.2.RELEASE.jar;D:\maven\repository\org\springframework\spring-jdbc\4.0.2.RELEASE\spring-jdbc-4.0.2.RELEASE.jar;D:\maven\repository\org\springframework\spring-webmvc\4.0.2.RELEASE\spring-webmvc-4.0.2.RELEASE.jar;D:\maven\repository\org\springframework\spring-expression\4.0.2.RELEASE\spring-expression-4.0.2.RELEASE.jar;D:\maven\repository\org\springframework\spring-aop\4.0.2.RELEASE\spring-aop-4.0.2.RELEASE.jar;D:\maven\repository\aopalliance\aopalliance\1.0\aopalliance-1.0.jar;D:\maven\repository\org\springframework\spring-context-support\4.0.2.RELEASE\spring-context-support-4.0.2.RELEASE.jar;D:\maven\repository\org\springframework\spring-test\4.0.2.RELEASE\spring-test-4.0.2.RELEASE.jar;D:\maven\repository\org\mybatis\mybatis\3.2.6\mybatis-3.2.6.jar;D:\maven\repository\org\mybatis\mybatis-spring\1.2.2\mybatis-spring-1.2.2.jar;D:\maven\repository\javax\javaee-api\7.0\javaee-api-7.0.jar;D:\maven\repository\com\sun\mail\javax.mail\1.5.0\javax.mail-1.5.0.jar;D:\maven\repository\javax\activation\activation\1.1\activation-1.1.jar;D:\maven\repository\mysql\mysql-connector-java\5.1.30\mysql-connector-java-5.1.30.jar;D:\maven\repository\commons-dbcp\commons-dbcp\1.2.2\commons-dbcp-1.2.2.jar;D:\maven\repository\commons-pool\commons-pool\1.3\commons-pool-1.3.jar;D:\maven\repository\com\mchange\c3p0\0.9.5.1\c3p0-0.9.5.1.jar;D:\maven\repository\com\mchange\mchange-commons-java\0.2.10\mchange-commons-java-0.2.10.jar;D:\maven\repository\jstl\jstl\1.2\jstl-1.2.jar;D:\maven\repository\log4j\log4j\1.2.17\log4j-1.2.17.jar;D:\maven\repository\com\alibaba\fastjson\1.1.41\fastjson-1.1.41.jar;D:\maven\repository\org\slf4j\slf4j-api\1.7.7\slf4j-api-1.7.7.jar;D:\maven\repository\org\slf4j\slf4j-log4j12\1.7.7\slf4j-log4j12-1.7.7.jar;D:\maven\repository\org\codehaus\jackson\jackson-mapper-asl\1.9.13\jackson-mapper-asl-1.9.13.jar;D:\maven\repository\org\codehaus\jackson\jackson-core-asl\1.9.13\jackson-core-asl-1.9.13.jar;D:\maven\repository\commons-fileupload\commons-fileupload\1.3.1\commons-fileupload-1.3.1.jar;D:\maven\repository\commons-io\commons-io\2.4\commons-io-2.4.jar;D:\maven\repository\commons-codec\commons-codec\1.9\commons-codec-1.9.jar;D:\maven\repository\org\aspectj\aspectjweaver\1.8.4\aspectjweaver-1.8.4.jar;D:\asoftware\IntelliJ IDEA 14.1.4\lib\idea_rt.jar" com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain com.shan.spring.aop.Main
[org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext] - Refreshing org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@5d22bbb7: startup date [Sat Feb 20 18:20:06 CST 2016]; root of context hierarchy
[org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader] - Loading XML bean definitions from class path resource [applicationContext.xml]
[org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor] - JSR-330 'javax.inject.Inject' annotation found and supported for autowiring
com.sun.proxy.$Proxy13
-->validate:[1, 2]
The method add begins with [1, 2]
The method add ends
The method add ends with 3
result:3
-->validate:[1000, 10]
The method div begins with [1000, 10]
The method div ends
The method div ends with 100
result:100
Process finished with exit code 0
基于xml配置切面的AOP 示例
除了切面代码 LoggingAspect.java 和 xml配置文件不同其余同上
LoggingAspect.java
package com.shan.spring.aop.xml;
import java.util.Arrays;
import org.aspectj.lang.JoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Around;
public class LoggingAspect {
public void beforeMethod(JoinPoint joinPoint){
String methodName = joinPoint.getSignature().getName();
Object [] args = joinPoint.getArgs();
System.out.println("The method " + methodName + " begins with " + Arrays.asList(args));
}
public void afterMethod(JoinPoint joinPoint){
String methodName = joinPoint.getSignature().getName();
System.out.println("The method " + methodName + " ends");
}
public void afterReturning(JoinPoint joinPoint, Object result){
String methodName = joinPoint.getSignature().getName();
System.out.println("The method " + methodName + " ends with " + result);
}
public void afterThrowing(JoinPoint joinPoint, Exception e){
String methodName = joinPoint.getSignature().getName();
System.out.println("The method " + methodName + " occurs excetion:" + e);
}
@Around("execution(public int com.shan.spring.aop.ArithmeticCalculator.*(..))")
public Object aroundMethod(ProceedingJoinPoint pjd){
Object result = null;
String methodName = pjd.getSignature().getName();
try {
//前置通知
System.out.println("The method " + methodName + " begins with " + Arrays.asList(pjd.getArgs()));
//执行目标方法
result = pjd.proceed();
//返回通知
System.out.println("The method " + methodName + " ends with " + result);
} catch (Throwable e) {
//异常通知
System.out.println("The method " + methodName + " occurs exception:" + e);
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
//后置通知
System.out.println("The method " + methodName + " ends");
return result;
}
}
Spring 在xml中配置切面:ApplicationContextAOP-xml.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd">
<!-- 配置 bean -->
<bean id="arithmeticCalculator"
class="com.atguigu.spring.aop.xml.ArithmeticCalculatorImpl"></bean>
<!-- 配置切面的 bean. -->
<bean id="loggingAspect"
class="com.atguigu.spring.aop.xml.LoggingAspect"></bean>
<bean id="vlidationAspect"
class="com.atguigu.spring.aop.xml.VlidationAspect"></bean>
<!-- 配置 AOP -->
<aop:config>
<!-- 配置切点表达式 -->
<aop:pointcut expression="execution(* com.atguigu.spring.aop.xml.ArithmeticCalculator.*(int, int))"
id="pointcut"/>
<!-- 配置切面及通知 -->
<aop:aspect ref="loggingAspect" order="2">
<aop:before method="beforeMethod" pointcut-ref="pointcut"/>
<aop:after method="afterMethod" pointcut-ref="pointcut"/>
<aop:after-throwing method="afterThrowing" pointcut-ref="pointcut" throwing="e"/>
<aop:after-returning method="afterReturning" pointcut-ref="pointcut" returning="result"/>
<!--
<aop:around method="aroundMethod" pointcut-ref="pointcut"/>
-->
</aop:aspect>
<aop:aspect ref="vlidationAspect" order="1">
<aop:before method="validateArgs" pointcut-ref="pointcut"/>
</aop:aspect>
</aop:config>
</beans>