IPC进程间通信的使用(二)——Messenger

Android开发中通过Messenger可以在不同进程中传递Message对象,在Message放入我们需要传递的数据，就可以轻松实现数据的进程间传递了。Messenger是一种轻量级的IPC方案，它的底层实现是了AIDL。
关于Messenger的使用记录如下:

服务端

服务端创建一个Service来处理客户端连接请求，同时创建一个Handler并通过它来创建一个Messenger对象，然后在Service的onBind中返回这个Messenger对象底层的Binder即可

清单文件配置：

这里我将服务端和客户端写在不通的app中，清单文件中service添加导出配置android:exported="true"

        <service
            android:name=".MessengerService"
            android:enabled="true"
            android:exported="true">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="com.kevin.messenger" />
            </intent-filter>

        </service>

服务端代码：

只接收客户端发送的消息，还未和客户端进行互动。

/**
 * Created by Kevin on 2019/4/9<br/>
 * Blog:https://blog.csdn.net/student9128<br/>
 * Describe:<br/>
 */
public class MessengerService extends Service {
    private static final String TAG = "MessengerService";

    private static class MessengerHandler extends Handler {
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            switch (msg.what) {
                case 1001:
                    Log.d(TAG, "receive msg from client:" + msg.getData().getString("msg"));
                    break;
                default:
                    super.handleMessage(msg);
            }
        }
    }

    private final Messenger mMessenger = new Messenger(new MessengerHandler());

    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        return mMessenger.getBinder();
    }
}

可以看到，服务器收到了客户端发来的消息

客户端

客户端，首先绑定服务端的Service，绑定成功后，用服务端返回的IBinder对象创建一个Messenger，通过这个Messenger就可以向服务端发送消息了，发消息类型为Message对象。

/**
 * Created by Kevin on 2019/4/9<br/>
 * Blog:https://blog.csdn.net/student9128<br/>
 * Describe:<br/>
 */
public class MessengerActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private ServiceConnection mSC;
    private Messenger mService;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        Intent intent = new Intent();
        intent.setComponent(new ComponentName("com.kevin.serverclient", "com.kevin.serverclient.MessengerService"));
        intent.setAction("com.kevin.messenger");
        mSC = new ServiceConnection() {
            @Override
            public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
                mService = new Messenger(service);
                Message msg = Message.obtain(null, 1001);
                Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
                bundle.putString("msg", "Hello, this msg is from client");
                msg.setData(bundle);
                try {
                    mService.send(msg);
                } catch (RemoteException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }

            @Override
            public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {

            }
        };
        bindService(intent, mSC, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);

    }

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        unbindService(mSC);
        super.onDestroy();
    }
}

如果需要服务端能够回应客户端，就和服务端一样，还需要创建一个Handler并创建一个新的Messenger，并把这个Messenger对象通过Message的replyTo参数传递给服务端，服务端通过这个replyTo参数就可以回应客户端。

/**
 * Created by Kevin on 2019/4/9<br/>
 * Blog:https://blog.csdn.net/student9128<br/>
 * Describe:<br/>
 */
public class MessengerActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private ServiceConnection mSC;
    private Messenger mService;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        Intent intent = new Intent();
        intent.setComponent(new ComponentName("com.kevin.serverclient", "com.kevin.serverclient.MessengerService"));
        intent.setAction("com.kevin.messenger");
        mSC = new ServiceConnection() {
            @Override
            public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
                mService = new Messenger(service);
                Message msg = Message.obtain(null, 1001);
                Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
                bundle.putString("msg", "Hello, this msg is from client");
                msg.setData(bundle);
                msg.replyTo = m;//这里将Messenger对象传给服务端，等待服务端回应
                try {
                    mService.send(msg);
                } catch (RemoteException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }

            @Override
            public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {

            }
        };
        bindService(intent, mSC, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);

    }

    private static class ReplyMessengerHandler extends Handler {
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            super.handleMessage(msg);
            switch (msg.what) {
                case 1002:
                    String s = msg.getData().getString("replyTo");
                    Log.d("MessengerActivity", "收到来自服务器回复：" + s);
                    break;
            }
        }
    }

    private Messenger m = new Messenger(new ReplyMessengerHandler());

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        unbindService(mSC);
        super.onDestroy();
    }
}

服务端要怎么回应客户端呢？
如下，在收到客户端的打招呼后，服务端拿到客户端给的replyTo参数，也就是Messenger对象，Messenger将回应的消息存在Message对象发送出去。

      Messenger messenger = msg.replyTo;
      Message s = Message.obtain(null,1002);
      Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
      bundle.putString("replyTo","Nice to receive your message! This is server");
      s.setData(bundle);
      try {
            messenger.send(s);
          } catch (RemoteException e) {
          e.printStackTrace();
          }

如下图，客户端收到了服务端的回应消息。

服务端的完整代码：

/**
 * Created by Kevin on 2019/4/9<br/>
 * Blog:https://blog.csdn.net/student9128<br/>
 * Describe:<br/>
 */
public class MessengerService extends Service {
    private static final String TAG = "MessengerService";

    private static class MessengerHandler extends Handler {
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            switch (msg.what) {
                case 1001:
                    Log.d(TAG, "receive msg from client:" + msg.getData().getString("msg"));
                    Messenger messenger = msg.replyTo;
                    Message s = Message.obtain(null,1002);
                    Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
                    bundle.putString("replyTo","Nice to receive your message! This is server");
                    s.setData(bundle);
                    try {
                        messenger.send(s);
                    } catch (RemoteException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    break;
                default:
                    super.handleMessage(msg);
            }
        }
    }

    private final Messenger mMessenger = new Messenger(new MessengerHandler());

    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        return mMessenger.getBinder();
    }
}

注：本文章知识点来自学习《Android开发艺术探索》一书