python 的日志logging模块学习

1.简单的将日志打印到屏幕

import logging

logging.debug('This is debug message')
logging.info('This is info message')
logging.warning('This is warning message')

WARNING:root:This is warning message

默认情况下，logging将日志打印到屏幕，日志级别为WARNING；
日志级别大小关系为：CRITICAL > ERROR > WARNING > INFO > DEBUG > NOTSET，当然也可以自己定义日志级别。

2.通过logging.basicConfig函数对日志的输出格式及方式做相关配置
 
 

  
  
import logging

logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG,
                format='%(asctime)s %(filename)s[line:%(lineno)d] %(levelname)s %(message)s',
                datefmt='%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S',
                filename='myapp.log',
                filemode='w')
    
logging.debug('This is debug message')
logging.info('This is info message')
logging.warning('This is warning message')
  
  

  
  
Fri, 10 Mar 2017 21:02:40 test.py[line:9] DEBUG This is debug message
Fri, 10 Mar 2017 21:02:40 test.py[line:10] INFO This is info message
Fri, 10 Mar 2017 21:02:40 test.py[line:11] WARNING This is warning message

  
  logging.basicConfig函数各参数:
  
  

  
  filename: 指定日志文件名
  
  

  
  filemode: 和file函数意义相同，指定日志文件的打开模式，'w'或'a'
  
  

  
  format: 指定输出的格式和内容，format可以输出很多有用信息，如上例所示:
  
  

  
   
  
  
  
  %(levelno)s: 打印日志级别的数值
  
  

  
   
  
  
  
  %(levelname)s: 打印日志级别名称
  
  

  
   
  
  
  
  %(pathname)s: 打印当前执行程序的路径，其实就是sys.argv[0]
  
  

  
   
  
  
  
  %(filename)s: 打印当前执行程序名
  
  

  
   
  
  
  
  %(funcName)s: 打印日志的当前函数
  
  

  
   
  
  
  
  %(lineno)d: 打印日志的当前行号
  
  

  
   
  
  
  
  %(asctime)s: 打印日志的时间
  
  

  
   
  
  
  
  %(thread)d: 打印线程ID
  
  

  
   
  
  
  
  %(threadName)s: 打印线程名称
  
  

  
   
  
  
  
  %(process)d: 打印进程ID
  
  

  
   
  
  
  
  %(message)s: 打印日志信息
  
  

  
  datefmt: 指定时间格式，同time.strftime()
  
  

  
  level: 设置日志级别，默认为logging.WARNING
  
  

  
  stream: 指定将日志的输出流，可以指定输出到sys.stderr,sys.stdout或者文件，默认输出到sys.stderr，当stream和filename同时指定时，stream被忽略
  
  

 
 
 
 

  
  
3.将日志同时输出到文件和屏幕
  
  
# coding=utf-8
import logging

logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG,
                format='%(asctime)s %(filename)s[line:%(lineno)d] %(levelname)s %(message)s',
                datefmt='%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S',
                filename='myapp.log',
                filemode='w')

#################################################################################################
#定义一个StreamHandler，将INFO级别或更高的日志信息打印到标准错误，并将其添加到当前的日志处理对象#
console = logging.StreamHandler()
console.setLevel(logging.INFO)
formatter = logging.Formatter('%(name)-12s: %(levelname)-8s %(message)s')
console.setFormatter(formatter)
logging.getLogger('').addHandler(console)
#################################################################################################

logging.debug('This is debug message')
logging.info('This is info message')
logging.warning('This is warning message')
  
  

  
  
4.logging之日志回滚
 
 
 
 

  
  
import logging
from logging.handlers import RotatingFileHandler

#################################################################################################
#定义一个RotatingFileHandler，最多备份5个日志文件，每个日志文件最大10M
Rthandler = RotatingFileHandler('myapp.log', maxBytes=10*1024*1024,backupCount=5)
Rthandler.setLevel(logging.INFO)
formatter = logging.Formatter('%(name)-12s: %(levelname)-8s %(message)s')
Rthandler.setFormatter(formatter)
logging.getLogger('').addHandler(Rthandler)
################################################################################################
  
  

  
  
logging.StreamHandler: 日志输出到流，可以是sys.stderr、sys.stdout或者文件
logging.FileHandler: 日志输出到文件
日志回滚方式，实际使用时用RotatingFileHandler和TimedRotatingFileHandler
logging.handlers.BaseRotatingHandler
logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler
logging.handlers.TimedRotatingFileHandler
logging.handlers.SocketHandler: 远程输出日志到TCP/IP sockets
logging.handlers.DatagramHandler:  远程输出日志到UDP sockets
logging.handlers.SMTPHandler:  远程输出日志到邮件地址
logging.handlers.SysLogHandler: 日志输出到syslog
logging.handlers.NTEventLogHandler: 远程输出日志到Windows NT/2000/XP的事件日志
logging.handlers.MemoryHandler: 日志输出到内存中的制定buffer
logging.handlers.HTTPHandler: 通过"GET"或"POST"远程输出到HTTP服务器
  
  

 
 
 
 

  
  
5.通过logging.config模块配置日志
  
  
#logger.conf
###############################################
[loggers]
keys=root,example01,example02
[logger_root]
level=DEBUG
handlers=hand01,hand02
[logger_example01]
handlers=hand01,hand02
qualname=example01
propagate=0
[logger_example02]
handlers=hand01,hand03
qualname=example02
propagate=0
###############################################
[handlers]
keys=hand01,hand02,hand03
[handler_hand01]
class=StreamHandler
level=INFO
formatter=form02
args=(sys.stderr,)
[handler_hand02]
class=FileHandler
level=DEBUG
formatter=form01
args=('myapp.log', 'a')
[handler_hand03]
class=handlers.RotatingFileHandler
level=INFO
formatter=form02
args=('myapp.log', 'a', 10*1024*1024, 5)
###############################################
[formatters]
keys=form01,form02
[formatter_form01]
format=%(asctime)s %(filename)s[line:%(lineno)d] %(levelname)s %(message)s
datefmt=%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S
[formatter_form02]
format=%(name)-12s: %(levelname)-8s %(message)s
datefmt=
  
  

  
  
import logging
import logging.config

logging.config.fileConfig("logger.conf")
logger = logging.getLogger("example01")

logger.debug('This is debug message')
logger.info('This is info message')
logger.warning('This is warning message')
  
  

  
  
import logging
import logging.config

logging.config.fileConfig("logger.conf")
logger = logging.getLogger("example02")

logger.debug('This is debug message')
logger.info('This is info message')
logger.warning('This is warning message')