Redis（七）：基础篇 - 有序集合类型

有序集合类型（Sorted Set）

  有序集合类型与上一篇的集合类型的区别就是“有序”二字。
  在集合类型的基础上有序集合为集合中的每个元素都关联一个分数，这使得我们不仅可以完成插入、删除和判断元素是否存在等集合类型支持的操作，还能获得分数最高（或最低）的前N个元素、获得指定分数范围内的元素等与分数有关的操作。虽然集合中每个元素都是不同的，但它们的分数却可以相同。
  有序集合类型在某些方面和列表类型有些相似：
  （1）二者都是有序的。
  （2）二者都可以获得某一范围的元素。
  但是二者有着很大的区别，应用场景也不同：
  （1）列表类型是通过链表实现的，获取靠近两端的数据速度极快，而当元素增多后，访问中间数据的速度会较慢，所以它更加适合如“新鲜事”或“日志”这样很少访问中间元素的应用；
  （2）有组集合类型是使用散列表和跳跃表（Skip list）实现的，所以即使读取位于中间部分的数据速度也很快（时间复杂度O(log(N))）；
  （3）列表中不能简单地调整某个元素的位置，单有序集合可以（通过更改这个元素的分数）；
  （4）有序集合要比列表类型更耗内存。

命令

1、增加元素

ZADD key score member [score member ...]

  ZADD 命令用来向有序集合中加入一个元素和该元素的分数，如果该元素已经存在则会用新的分数替换原有的分数。ZADD命令的返回值是新加入到集合中的元素个数（不包含之前已经存在的元素）。
  模拟数据，有分数板记录a，b，c 三名运动员的分数（分别是89分，67分和100分）

127.0.0.1:6379> zadd scoreboard 89 a 67 b 100 c
(integer) 3

  修改b的分数

127.0.0.1:6379> zadd scoreboard 76 b
(integer) 0

  分数不仅可以是整数，还可以支持双精度浮点数：

127.0.0.1:6379> zadd test 17E+307 a
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> zadd test 1.5 b
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> zadd test +inf c
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> zadd test -inf d
(integer) 1

其中+inf和-inf分别表示正无穷和负无穷。

2、获得元素的分数

ZSCORE key member 

  示例如下：

127.0.0.1:6379> zscore test b
"1.5"

3、获得排名在某个范围的元素列表

ZRANGE key start stop [WITHSCORES]
ZREVRANGE key start stop [WITHSCORES]

  ZRANGE 命令会按照元素分数从小到大的顺序返回索引从start到stop之间的所有元素（包含两端的元素）。ZRANGE命令与LRANGE十分相似，如索引都是从0开始，负数代表从后向前查找（-1表示最后一个元素）。如：

127.0.0.1:6379> zrange scoreboard 0 2
1) "b"
2) "a"
3) "c"
127.0.0.1:6379> zrange scoreboard 1 -1
1) "a"
2) "c"

  如果需要同时获得元素的分数的话，可以在ZRANGE命令的尾部加上WITHSCORES参数，这时返回数据格式就从“元素1，元素2，…，元素n”变为“元素1，分数1，元素2，分数2，…，元素n，分数n”，如：

127.0.0.1:6379> zrange scoreboard 0 -1 withscores
1) "b"
2) "76"
3) "a"
4) "89"
5) "c"
6) "100"

  如果两个元素的分数相同，Redis会按照字典顺序（即“0”<“9”<“A”<“Z”<“a”<"z"这样的顺序）来进行排序。如：

127.0.0.1:6379> zadd sametest 10 2tts 10 3ttd 20 ADS 20 DRE 20 3ED 20 ass 20 dfg
(integer) 7
127.0.0.1:6379> zrange sametest 0 -1
1) "2tts"
2) "3ttd"
3) "3ED"
4) "ADS"
5) "DRE"
6) "ass"
7) "dfg"

  ZREVRANGE 命令和ZRANGE的唯一不同在于ZREVRANGE 命令是按照元素分数从大到小的顺序给出结果的。

4、获得指定分数范围的元素

ZRANGEBYSCORE key min max [WITHSCORES] [LIMIT offset count]

  ZRANGEBYSCORE 命令参数虽然多，但是都很好理解。该命令按照元素分数从小到大的顺序返回分数在min和max之间（包含min和max）的元素：

127.0.0.1:6379> zrangebyscore scoreboard 80 100
1) "a"
2) "c"

  如果希望分数范围不包含端点值，可以在分数前加上“(”符号，如，希望返回“80到100的数据，包含80,但不包含100”：

127.0.0.1:6379> zrangebyscore scoreboard 80 (100
1) "a"

  min和max也支持无穷大：

127.0.0.1:6379> zrangebyscore scoreboard 80 +inf
1) "a"
2) "c"

  WITHSCORES参数的用法和ZRANGE命令一样；
  LIMIT offset count，即在获得的元素列表的基础上向后偏移offset个元素，并且只获取前count个元素，如：

127.0.0.1:6379> zadd scoreboard 56 d 92 e 67 f
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379> zrange scoreboard 0 -1 withscores
 1) "d"
 2) "56"
 3) "f"
 4) "67"
 5) "b"
 6) "76"
 7) "a"
 8) "89"
 9) "e"
10) "92"
11) "c"
12) "100"
127.0.0.1:6379> zrangebyscore scoreboard 60 +inf limit 1 3
1) "b"
2) "a"
3) "e"

  若是想获取分数低于或等于100的前3个人，可以 使用ZREVRANGEBYSCORE命令实现，结果是按照元素分数从大到小的顺序排列，并且它的min和max参数顺序和ZRANGEBYSCORE命令是相反的。如：

127.0.0.1:6379> zrevrangebyscore scoreboard 100 0 limit 0 3
1) "c"
2) "e"
3) "a"

5、增加某个元素的分数

ZINCRBY key increment member

  ZINCRBY 命令可以增加一个元素的分数，返回值是更改后的分数，如给b加4分：

127.0.0.1:6379> zincrby scoreboard 4 b
"80"

  increment 也可以是个负数，表示减分，如给b减4分：

127.0.0.1:6379> zincrby scoreboard -4 b
"76"

如果指定的元素不存在，Redis在执行命令前会先建立它并将它的分数赋为0再执行操作。

6、获得集合中元素的数量

ZCARD key 

  如：

127.0.0.1:6379> zcard scoreboard
(integer) 6

7、获得指定分数范围内的元素个数

ZCOUNT key min max

  如：

127.0.0.1:6379> zcount scoreboard 80 100
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379> zcount scoreboard (70 +inf
(integer) 4

8、删除一个或多个元素

ZREM key member [member ...]

  ZREM 命令的返回值是成功删除的元素数量（不包含本来就不存在的元素）。如：

127.0.0.1:6379> zrem scoreboard a
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> zrem scoreboard a
(integer) 0
127.0.0.1:6379> zcard scoreboard
(integer) 5

9、按照排名范围删除元素

ZREMRANGEBYRANK key start stop

  ZREMRANGEBYRANK 命令按照元素分数从小到大的顺序（即索引0表示最小的值）删除处在指定排名范围内的所有元素，并返回删除的元素数量。如：

127.0.0.1:6379> zadd testrem 1 a 2 b 3 c 4 d 5 e 6 f
(integer) 6
127.0.0.1:6379> zremrangebyrank testrem 0 2
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379> zrange testrem 0 -1
1) "d"
2) "e"
3) "f"

10、按照分数范围删除元素

ZREMRANGEBYSCORE key min max

  ZREMRANGEBYSCORE 命令会删除指定分数范围内的所有元素，参数min和max的特性和ZRANGEBYSCORE命令中的一样。返回值是删除的元素数量，如：

127.0.0.1:6379> zremrangebyscore testrem (4 5
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> zrange testrem 0 -1
1) "d"
2) "f"

11、获得元素的排名

ZRANK key member
ZREVRANK key member

  ZRANK 命令会按照元素分数从小到大的顺序获得指定的元素的排名（从0开始，即分数最小的元素排名为0）。如：

127.0.0.1:6379> zrank scoreboard d
(integer) 0

  ZREVRANK 命令则相反（分数最大的元素排名为0）：

127.0.0.1:6379> zrevrank scoreboard d
(integer) 4

12、计算有序集合的交集

ZINTERSTORE destination numkeys key [key ...] [WEIGHTS weight [weight ...]] [AGGREGATE SUM|MIN|MAX]

  ZINTERSTORE 命令用来计算多个有序集合的交集，并将结果存储在destination 键中（同样以有序集合类型存储），其返回值为destination 中的元素个数。
  destination 键中元素的分数是由AGGREGATE 参数决定的
  （1）当AGGREGATE 是SUM时（也就是默认值），destination 键中元素的分数是每个参与计算的几个中该元素分数的和。如：

127.0.0.1:6379> zadd test1 1 a 2 b
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379> zadd test2 10 a 20 b
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379> zinterstore testres 2 test1 test2
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379> zrange testres 0 -1 withscores
1) "a"
2) "11"
3) "b"
4) "22"

  （2）当AGGREGATE 是MIN时，destination 键中元素的分数是每个参与计算的集合中该元素分数的最小值。如：

127.0.0.1:6379> zinterstore testres2 2 test1 test2 aggregate min
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379> zrange testres2 0 -1 withscores
1) "a"
2) "1"
3) "b"
4) "2"

  （3）当AGGREGATE 是MAX时，destination 键中元素的分数是每个参与计算的集合中该元素分数的最大值。如：

127.0.0.1:6379> zinterstore testres3 2 test1 test2 aggregate max
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379> zrange testres3 0 -1 withscores
1) "a"
2) "10"
3) "b"
4) "20"

  ZINTERSTORE 命令还能够通过WEIGHTS参数设置每个集合的权重，每个集合在参与计算时元素的分数会被乘以该集合的权重。如：

127.0.0.1:6379> zinterstore testres4 2 test1 test2 weights 1 0.1
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379> zrange testres4 0 -1 withscores
1) "a"
2) "2"
3) "b"
4) "4"

  test1 中元素乘以1，test2中元素乘以0.1
  ZUNIONSTORE命令的用法和ZINTERSTORE 一样，是计算集合间的并集。

官方提供

127.0.0.1:6379> help @sorted_set

  BZPOPMAX key [key ...] timeout
  summary: Remove and return the member with the highest score from one or more sorted sets, or block until one is available
  since: 5.0.0

  BZPOPMIN key [key ...] timeout
  summary: Remove and return the member with the lowest score from one or more sorted sets, or block until one is available
  since: 5.0.0

  ZADD key [NX|XX] [GT|LT] [CH] [INCR] score member [score member ...]
  summary: Add one or more members to a sorted set, or update its score if it already exists
  since: 1.2.0

  ZCARD key
  summary: Get the number of members in a sorted set
  since: 1.2.0

  ZCOUNT key min max
  summary: Count the members in a sorted set with scores within the given values
  since: 2.0.0

  ZDIFF numkeys key [key ...] [WITHSCORES]
  summary: Subtract multiple sorted sets
  since: 6.2.0

  ZDIFFSTORE destination numkeys key [key ...]
  summary: Subtract multiple sorted sets and store the resulting sorted set in a new key
  since: 6.2.0

  ZINCRBY key increment member
  summary: Increment the score of a member in a sorted set
  since: 1.2.0

  ZINTER numkeys key [key ...] [WEIGHTS weight] [AGGREGATE SUM|MIN|MAX] [WITHSCORES]
  summary: Intersect multiple sorted sets
  since: 6.2.0

  ZINTERSTORE destination numkeys key [key ...] [WEIGHTS weight] [AGGREGATE SUM|MIN|MAX]
  summary: Intersect multiple sorted sets and store the resulting sorted set in a new key
  since: 2.0.0

  ZLEXCOUNT key min max
  summary: Count the number of members in a sorted set between a given lexicographical range
  since: 2.8.9

  ZMSCORE key member [member ...]
  summary: Get the score associated with the given members in a sorted set
  since: 6.2.0

  ZPOPMAX key [count]
  summary: Remove and return members with the highest scores in a sorted set
  since: 5.0.0

  ZPOPMIN key [count]
  summary: Remove and return members with the lowest scores in a sorted set
  since: 5.0.0

  ZRANDMEMBER key [count [WITHSCORES]]
  summary: Get one or multiple random elements from a sorted set
  since: 6.2.0

  ZRANGE key min max [BYSCORE|BYLEX] [REV] [LIMIT offset count] [WITHSCORES]
  summary: Return a range of members in a sorted set
  since: 1.2.0

  ZRANGEBYLEX key min max [LIMIT offset count]
  summary: Return a range of members in a sorted set, by lexicographical range
  since: 2.8.9

  ZRANGEBYSCORE key min max [WITHSCORES] [LIMIT offset count]
  summary: Return a range of members in a sorted set, by score
  since: 1.0.5

  ZRANGESTORE dst src min max [BYSCORE|BYLEX] [REV] [LIMIT offset count]
  summary: Store a range of members from sorted set into another key
  since: 6.2.0

  ZRANK key member
  summary: Determine the index of a member in a sorted set
  since: 2.0.0

  ZREM key member [member ...]
  summary: Remove one or more members from a sorted set
  since: 1.2.0

  ZREMRANGEBYLEX key min max
  summary: Remove all members in a sorted set between the given lexicographical range
  since: 2.8.9

  ZREMRANGEBYRANK key start stop
  summary: Remove all members in a sorted set within the given indexes
  since: 2.0.0

  ZREMRANGEBYSCORE key min max
  summary: Remove all members in a sorted set within the given scores
  since: 1.2.0

  ZREVRANGE key start stop [WITHSCORES]
  summary: Return a range of members in a sorted set, by index, with scores ordered from high to low
  since: 1.2.0

  ZREVRANGEBYLEX key max min [LIMIT offset count]
  summary: Return a range of members in a sorted set, by lexicographical range, ordered from higher to lower strings.
  since: 2.8.9

  ZREVRANGEBYSCORE key max min [WITHSCORES] [LIMIT offset count]
  summary: Return a range of members in a sorted set, by score, with scores ordered from high to low
  since: 2.2.0

  ZREVRANK key member
  summary: Determine the index of a member in a sorted set, with scores ordered from high to low
  since: 2.0.0

  ZSCAN key cursor [MATCH pattern] [COUNT count]
  summary: Incrementally iterate sorted sets elements and associated scores
  since: 2.8.0

  ZSCORE key member
  summary: Get the score associated with the given member in a sorted set
  since: 1.2.0

  ZUNION numkeys key [key ...] [WEIGHTS weight] [AGGREGATE SUM|MIN|MAX] [WITHSCORES]
  summary: Add multiple sorted sets
  since: 6.2.0

  ZUNIONSTORE destination numkeys key [key ...] [WEIGHTS weight] [AGGREGATE SUM|MIN|MAX]
  summary: Add multiple sorted sets and store the resulting sorted set in a new key
  since: 2.0.0

---

author：su1573
鄙人记录生活点滴，学习并分享，请多指教！！！
如需交流，请联系 sph1573@163.com，鄙人看到会及时回复