pg_dump和pg_restore

1.pg_dump帮助信息如下:

[postgres@postgresql1 pgdata]$ pg_dump --help

pg_dump dumps a database as a text file or to other formats.

Usage:

  pg_dump [OPTION]... [DBNAME]

General options:

  -f, --file=FILENAME          output file or directory name

  -F, --format=c|d|t|p         output file format (custom, directory, tar,

                               plain text (default))

  -j, --jobs=NUM               use this many parallel jobs to dump

  -v, --verbose                verbose mode

  -V, --version                output version information, then exit

  -Z, --compress=0-9           compression level for compressed formats

  --lock-wait-timeout=TIMEOUT  fail after waiting TIMEOUT for a table lock

  --no-sync                    do not wait for changes to be written safely to disk

  -?, --help                   show this help, then exit

Options controlling the output content:

  -a, --data-only              dump only the data, not the schema

  -b, --blobs                  include large objects in dump

  -B, --no-blobs               exclude large objects in dump

  -c, --clean                  clean (drop) database objects before recreating

  -C, --create                 include commands to create database in dump

  -E, --encoding=ENCODING      dump the data in encoding ENCODING

  -n, --schema=SCHEMA          dump the named schema(s) only

  -N, --exclude-schema=SCHEMA  do NOT dump the named schema(s)

  -o, --oids                   include OIDs in dump

  -O, --no-owner               skip restoration of object ownership in

                               plain-text format

  -s, --schema-only            dump only the schema, no data

  -S, --superuser=NAME         superuser user name to use in plain-text format

  -t, --table=TABLE            dump the named table(s) only

  -T, --exclude-table=TABLE    do NOT dump the named table(s)

  -x, --no-privileges          do not dump privileges (grant/revoke)

  --binary-upgrade             for use by upgrade utilities only

  --column-inserts             dump data as INSERT commands with column names

  --disable-dollar-quoting     disable dollar quoting, use SQL standard quoting

  --disable-triggers           disable triggers during data-only restore

  --enable-row-security        enable row security (dump only content user has

                               access to)

  --exclude-table-data=TABLE   do NOT dump data for the named table(s)

  --if-exists                  use IF EXISTS when dropping objects

  --inserts                    dump data as INSERT commands, rather than COPY

  --no-publications            do not dump publications

  --no-security-labels         do not dump security label assignments

  --no-subscriptions           do not dump subscriptions

  --no-synchronized-snapshots  do not use synchronized snapshots in parallel jobs

  --no-tablespaces             do not dump tablespace assignments

  --no-unlogged-table-data     do not dump unlogged table data

  --quote-all-identifiers      quote all identifiers, even if not key words

  --section=SECTION            dump named section (pre-data, data, or post-data)

  --serializable-deferrable    wait until the dump can run without anomalies

  --snapshot=SNAPSHOT          use given snapshot for the dump

  --strict-names               require table and/or schema include patterns to

                               match at least one entity each

  --use-set-session-authorization

                               use SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION commands instead of

                               ALTER OWNER commands to set ownership

Connection options:

  -d, --dbname=DBNAME      database to dump

  -h, --host=HOSTNAME      database server host or socket directory

  -p, --port=PORT          database server port number

  -U, --username=NAME      connect as specified database user

  -w, --no-password        never prompt for password

  -W, --password           force password prompt (should happen automatically)

  --role=ROLENAME          do SET ROLE before dump

If no database name is supplied, then the PGDATABASE environment

variable value is used.

Report bugs to <pgsql-bugs@postgresql.org>.

常用参数:

-c和-C:只对纯文本格式有效.

        -c指定在输出脚本中添加删除对象的sql.

        -C指定在输出脚本中添加创建数据库对象,并且\c 数据库sql

-a:只输出数据定义的sql.如果只添加-a,类似于append方式

-s:只输出对象的定义,不输出数据.类似于metadata_only

-E:设置字符集

-F:p/c/t分别表示plain text,custom(使用pg_resotre)

-n和-N:

    -n:表示只备份指定schema

    -N:表示排除指定schema

    如果两者同时指定,那么只匹配-n

-t和-T:

    -t:指定只备份的表

    -T:排除指定的表

    如果两者都存在,则匹配-t的表

-j:使用并行导出,后面接并行度,这样会使用多个进程进行导出,没个进程负责一张表

 

 

1)备份某个数据库(test)

两种备份方式,一种是dump,一种是text:

 

[postgres@postgresql1 backup]$ pg_dump test -f 1.sql

[postgres@postgresql1 backup]$ pg_dump -Fc test -f 1.dump

 

2)备份指定schema(suq)

 

[postgres@postgresql1 backup]$ pg_dump -n suq test -f 3.sql

[postgres@postgresql1 backup]$ pg_dump -Fc -n suq test -f 4.dump

 

3)备份指定表(suq下的abc表)

 

[postgres@postgresql1 backup]$ pg_dump -t suq.abc test -f 3.sql

 

4)只备份数据库结构

 

[postgres@postgresql1 backup]$ pg_dump -s test -f 1.sql

 

5)只备份指定schema下的表结构(suq下的结构)

 

[postgres@postgresql1 backup]$ pg_dump -n suq -s test -f 1.sql

 

 

2.pg_restore帮助信息如下:

 

[postgres@postgresql1 backup]$ pg_restore  --help

pg_restore restores a PostgreSQL database from an archive created by pg_dump.

Usage:

  pg_restore [OPTION]... [FILE]

General options:

  -d, --dbname=NAME        connect to database name

  -f, --file=FILENAME      output file name

  -F, --format=c|d|t       backup file format (should be automatic)

  -l, --list               print summarized TOC of the archive

  -v, --verbose            verbose mode

  -V, --version            output version information, then exit

  -?, --help               show this help, then exit

Options controlling the restore:

  -a, --data-only              restore only the data, no schema

  -c, --clean                  clean (drop) database objects before recreating

  -C, --create                 create the target database

  -e, --exit-on-error          exit on error, default is to continue

  -I, --index=NAME             restore named index

  -j, --jobs=NUM               use this many parallel jobs to restore

  -L, --use-list=FILENAME      use table of contents from this file for

                               selecting/ordering output

  -n, --schema=NAME            restore only objects in this schema

  -N, --exclude-schema=NAME    do not restore objects in this schema

  -O, --no-owner               skip restoration of object ownership

  -P, --function=NAME(args)    restore named function

  -s, --schema-only            restore only the schema, no data

  -S, --superuser=NAME         superuser user name to use for disabling triggers

  -t, --table=NAME             restore named relation (table, view, etc.)

  -T, --trigger=NAME           restore named trigger

  -x, --no-privileges          skip restoration of access privileges (grant/revoke)

  -1, --single-transaction     restore as a single transaction

  --disable-triggers           disable triggers during data-only restore

  --enable-row-security        enable row security

  --if-exists                  use IF EXISTS when dropping objects

  --no-data-for-failed-tables  do not restore data of tables that could not be

                               created

  --no-publications            do not restore publications

  --no-security-labels         do not restore security labels

  --no-subscriptions           do not restore subscriptions

  --no-tablespaces             do not restore tablespace assignments

  --section=SECTION            restore named section (pre-data, data, or post-data)

  --strict-names               require table and/or schema include patterns to

                               match at least one entity each

  --use-set-session-authorization

                               use SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION commands instead of

                               ALTER OWNER commands to set ownership

Connection options:

  -h, --host=HOSTNAME      database server host or socket directory

  -p, --port=PORT          database server port number

  -U, --username=NAME      connect as specified database user

  -w, --no-password        never prompt for password

  -W, --password           force password prompt (should happen automatically)

  --role=ROLENAME          do SET ROLE before restore

The options -I, -n, -P, -t, -T, and --section can be combined and specified

multiple times to select multiple objects.

If no input file name is supplied, then standard input is used.

Report bugs to <pgsql-bugs@postgresql.org>.

pg_restore和pg_dump的参数类似,具体看帮助

在恢复的时候,一般要创建好和原来一致的数据库,schema,owner,tablespace,如果不一致需要加参数指定.

常用的恢复语法如下:

1)恢复指定数据库(test)

 

pg_restore -d test test.dump

2)指定并发度恢复

 

[postgres@postgresql1 backup]$ pg_restore -d test2 -j 10 1.dump