一 . 结构:现在完成时被动语态的结构就是 现在完成时态和被动语态结构的叠合,
即“ have + been + 动词过去分词”。试比较以下几组句子的谓语结构:
1. 主动句:He has repaired the machine for two hours. (他修理这台机器已有两小时了)
被动句:The machine has been repaired for two hours. (这台机器已修了两小时了)
2. 主动句:The teacher has borrowed the books. (老师把那些书借走了)
被动句:The books have been borrowed by the teacher. (那些书被老师借走了)
二 . 用法:现在完成时被动语态结构常用于以下两种情况:
( 1 )主谓关系被动,而且谓语动作从过去一直延续到现在;
( 2 )主谓关系被动,而且谓语动作发生在过去,但已对现在造成影响或结果。
例如: Recently the price of TV sets has been cut ( 近来电视机降价了)
Have the letters been posted? (信已经寄出去了吗)?
三 . 现在完成时主动句和被动句之间的转换:如果要将现在完成时的主动句转换成被动
句,则要把其宾语变为主语,谓语动词变为被动结构,主语变为由介词引导的状语或直接
将其省略;反之,如果要把被动句变为主动句,则恢复其原来的主语,谓语动词套用主动
结构。
例如:1. 主动句: They have asked him some questions. (他们问了他一些问题)
被动句: He has been asked some questions. (他被问了一些问题)
2. 主动句: He has eaten the cake. (他把蛋糕吃了)
被动句: The cake has been eaten by him. (蛋糕被他吃了)
3. 主动句: Someone has set fire to the house。(有人曾放火烧了那房子)
被动句: The house has been set fire to. ( 那房子已被人放火烧了)
4. 主动句: We haven't heard from her since then.
(从那时候起,我们就没收到过她的来信)
被动句: She hasn't been heard from since then.
(从那时候起,她就没来过信)
例如: Many of the world's greatest cities have been built on the banks of a river.
(世界上许多伟大的城市都是依河而建的)
St Petersburg has also been the center of many important events in history.
(圣彼得堡也是历史上许多重大