MySQL备份

Suexiao7

已于 2023-12-04 11:49:34 修改

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文章标签： mysql 数据库

于 2023-07-14 15:07:58 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/suexiao7/article/details/131703213

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一、备份与还原

   /***************************样例表***************************/
   CREATE DATABASE booksDB;
   use booksDB;

   CREATE TABLE books
   (
   bk_id INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
   bk_title VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
   copyright YEAR NOT NULL
   );
   INSERT INTO books
   VALUES (11078, 'Learning MySQL', 2010),
   (11033, 'Study Html', 2011),
   (11035, 'How to use php', 2003),
   (11072, 'Teach youself javascript', 2005),
   (11028, 'Learing C++', 2005),
   (11069, 'MySQL professional', 2009),
   (11026, 'Guide to MySQL 5.5', 2008),
   (11041, 'Inside VC++', 2011);

   CREATE TABLE authors
   (
   auth_id INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
   auth_name VARCHAR(20),
   auth_gender CHAR(1)
   );
   INSERT INTO authors
   VALUES (1001, 'WriterX' ,'f'),
   (1002, 'WriterA' ,'f'),
   (1003, 'WriterB' ,'m'),
   (1004, 'WriterC' ,'f'),
   (1011, 'WriterD' ,'f'),
   (1012, 'WriterE' ,'m'),
   (1013, 'WriterF' ,'m'),
   (1014, 'WriterG' ,'f'),
   (1015, 'WriterH' ,'f');

   CREATE TABLE authorbook
   (
   auth_id INT NOT NULL,
   bk_id INT NOT NULL,
   PRIMARY KEY (auth_id, bk_id),
   FOREIGN KEY (auth_id) REFERENCES authors (auth_id),
   FOREIGN KEY (bk_id) REFERENCES books (bk_id)
   );

   INSERT INTO authorbook
   VALUES (1001, 11033), (1002, 11035), (1003, 11072), (1004, 11028),
   (1011, 11078), (1012, 11026), (1012, 11041), (1014, 11069);

   /***************************样例表***************************/

   1、使用mysqldump命令备份数据库中的所有表
   2、备份booksDB数据库中的books表
   3、使用mysqldump备份booksDB和test数据库
   4、使用mysqldump备份服务器中的所有数据库
   5、使用mysql命令还原第二题导出的book表
   6、进入数据库使用source命令还原第二题导出的book表

1、使用mysqldump命令备份数据库中的所有表

[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p -B booksDB > /backup/db/booksDB.sql
Enter password: 
[root@localhost ~]# cd /backup/db
[root@localhost db]# ls
booksDB.sql


-- MySQL dump 10.13  Distrib 5.7.18, for Linux (x86_64)
--
-- Host: localhost    Database: booksDB
-- ------------------------------------------------------
-- Server version       5.7.18

/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
/*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */;
/*!40103 SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE */;
/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO' */;
/*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */;

--
-- Current Database: `booksDB`
--

CREATE DATABASE /*!32312 IF NOT EXISTS*/ `booksDB` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */;

2、备份booksDB数据库中的books表

[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p booksDB books > /backup/db/booksDB_tb[books].sql
Enter password: 
[root@localhost ~]# cd /backup/db/booksDB
booksDB.sql            booksDB_tb[books].sql

-- MySQL dump 10.13  Distrib 5.7.18, for Linux (x86_64)
--
-- Host: localhost    Database: booksDB
-- ------------------------------------------------------
-- Server version       5.7.18

/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
/*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */;
/*!40103 SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE */;
/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO' */;
/*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */;

--
-- Table structure for table `books`
--

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `books`;

3、使用mysqldump备份booksDB和test数据库

[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p --databases booksDB test > /backup/db/booksDB-test.sql 
Enter password: 
[root@localhost ~]# cd /backup/db/
[root@localhost db]# ls
booksDB.sql  booksDB_tb[books].sql  booksDB-test.sql
[root@localhost db]# vi booksDB-test.sql

-- MySQL dump 10.13  Distrib 5.7.18, for Linux (x86_64)
--
-- Host: localhost    Database: booksDB
-- ------------------------------------------------------
-- Server version       5.7.18

/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
/*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */;
/*!40103 SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE */;
/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO' */;
/*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */;

--
-- Current Database: `booksDB`
--

CREATE DATABASE /*!32312 IF NOT EXISTS*/ `booksDB` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */;
Type  :quit<Enter>  to exit Vim

4、使用mysqldump备份服务器中的所有数据库

[root@localhost db]# mysqldump -uroot -p -A > /backup/db/all_db.sql
Enter password: 
[root@localhost db]# cd /backup/db/
[root@localhost db]# ls
all_db.sql  booksDB.sql  booksDB_tb[books].sql  booksDB-test.sql
[root@localhost db]# vi all_db.sql

-- MySQL dump 10.13  Distrib 5.7.18, for Linux (x86_64)
--
-- Host: localhost    Database:
-- ------------------------------------------------------
-- Server version       5.7.18

/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
/*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */;
/*!40103 SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE */;
/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO' */;
/*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */;

--
-- Current Database: `Market`
--

CREATE DATABASE /*!32312 IF NOT EXISTS*/ `Market` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET latin1 */;
"all_db.sql" 1314L, 792220C

5、使用mysql命令还原第二题导出的book表

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p booksDB< /backup/db/booksDB_tb\[books\].sql 
Enter password: 
[root@localhost ~]#

6、进入数据库使用source命令还原第二题导出的book表

mysql> source /backup/db/booksDB_tb[books].sql;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 8 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 8  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

二、索引
   1、建立一个utf8编码的数据库test1
   2、建立商品表goods和栏目表category
   按如下表结构创建表：存储引擎engine myisam 字符集charset utf8

       mysql> desc goods;
       +------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
       | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
       +------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
       | goods_id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
       | goods_name | varchar(20) | NO | | | |
       | cat_id | int(11) | NO | | 0 | |
       | brand_id | int(11) | NO | | 0 | |
       | goods_sn | char(12) | NO | | | |
       | shop_price | float(6,2) | NO | | 0.00 | |
       | goods_desc | text | YES | | NULL | |
       +------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
       7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

       mysql> desc category;
       +-----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
       | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
       +-----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
       | cat_id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
       | cate_name | varchar(20) | NO | | | |
       | parent_id | int(11) | NO | | 0 | |
       +-----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
       3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

   3、删除 goods 表中的 goods_desc 字段及货号字段,并增加 click_count 字段
   4、在 goods_name 列上加唯一性索引（用alter table方式）
   5、在 shop_price 列上加普通索引（用create index方式）
   6、在 click_count 上增加普通索引，然后再删除（分别使用drop index和alter table删除）


-- 1、建立一个utf8编码的数据库test1
CREATE DATABASE test1 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8;
 
-- 2、建立商品表goods和栏目表category
 CREATE TABLE goods(
goods_id INT(11) PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
goods_name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
cat_id INT(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
brand_id INT(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
goods_sn CHAR(12) NOT NULL,
shop_price FLOAT(6,2) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
goods_desc TEXT DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=MYISAM
 
DESC goods;
 
CREATE TABLE category(
cat_id INT(11) PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
cate_name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
parent_id INT(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0
) ENGINE=MYISAM
 
DESC category;
 
-- 3、删除 goods 表中的 goods_desc 字段及货号字段,并增加 click_count 字段
ALTER TABLE goods DROP goods_desc;
ALTER TABLE goods DROP goods_id;
ALTER TABLE goods ADD click_count INT;
DESC goods;
 
-- 4、在 goods_name 列上加唯一性索引（用alter table方式） 
ALTER TABLE goods ADD UNIQUE INDEX Uniqname (goods_name);
 
-- 5、在 shop_price 列上加普通索引（用create index方式）
CREATE INDEX SPriceIDX ON goods(shop_price); 
 
-- 6、在 click_count 上增加普通索引，然后再删除 （分别使用drop index和alter table删除）
CREATE INDEX CkcountIdx ON goods(click_count);
DROP INDEX CkcountIdx ON goods;
ALTER TABLE goods ADD INDEX CkcountIdx(click_count);
ALTER TABLE goods DROP INDEX CkcountIdx;

三、视图
   学生表：Student (Sno, Sname, Ssex , Sage, Sdept)
   学号，姓名，性别，年龄，所在系 Sno为主键
   课程表：Course (Cno, Cname,)
   课程号，课程名 Cno为主键
   学生选课表：SC (Sno, Cno, Score)
   学号，课程号，成绩 Sno,Cno为主键

   1、创建一视图 stu_info,查询全体学生的姓名，性别，课程名，成绩。
   2、删除视图 stu_info。

-- 1、创建一视图 stu_info,查询全体学生的姓名，性别，课程名，成绩。
CREATE VIEW stu_info(姓名,性别,课程名,成绩)
AS SELECT Sname,Ssex,Cname,Score 
FROM Student s,Course c,SC sc 
WHERE s.Sno=sc.`Sno` AND c.Cno=sc.`Cno`;
 
DESC stu_info;
SHOW TABLE STATUS LIKE 'stu_info';

DROP VIEW IF EXISTS stu_info;

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MySQL备份

***************************样例表***************************//***************************样例表***************************/学生表：Student (Sno, Sname, Ssex , Sage, Sdept)6、进入数据库使用source命令还原第二题导出的book表。6、进入数据库使用source命令还原第二题导出的book表。1、使用mysqldump命令备份数据库中的所有表。
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