The GNU configure and build system-configure的详细介绍-CSDN博客

第一篇：The GNU configure and build system

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This document was generated on 1 July 1998 using the texi2html translator version 1.52.

第二篇：Autoconf

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Autoconf

[Top]

[Contents]

[Index]

[ ? ]

1. Introduction
2. The GNU Build System
- 2.1 Automake
  2.2 Libtool
  2.3 Pointers
3. Making configure Scripts
- 3.1 Writing `configure.ac'
  - 3.1.1 A Shell Script Compiler
    3.1.2 The Autoconf Language
    3.1.3 Standard `configure.ac' Layout
  3.2 Using autoscan to Create `configure.ac'
  3.3 Using ifnames to List Conditionals
  3.4 Using autoconf to Create configure
  3.5 Using autoreconf to Update configure Scripts
4. Initialization and Output Files
- 4.1 Initializing configure
  4.2 Notices in configure
  4.3 Finding configure Input
  4.4 Outputting Files
  4.5 Performing Configuration Actions
  4.6 Creating Configuration Files
  4.7 Substitutions in Makefiles
  - 4.7.1 Preset Output Variables
    4.7.2 Installation Directory Variables
    4.7.3 Build Directories
    4.7.4 Automatic Remaking
  4.8 Configuration Header Files
  - 4.8.1 Configuration Header Templates
    4.8.2 Using autoheader to Create `config.h.in'
    4.8.3 Autoheader Macros
  4.9 Running Arbitrary Configuration Commands
  4.10 Creating Configuration Links
  4.11 Configuring Other Packages in Subdirectories
  4.12 Default Prefix
5. Existing Tests
- 5.1 Common Behavior
  - 5.1.1 Standard Symbols
    5.1.2 Default Includes
  5.2 Alternative Programs
  - 5.2.1 Particular Program Checks
    5.2.2 Generic Program and File Checks
  5.3 Files
  5.4 Library Files
  5.5 Library Functions
  - 5.5.1 Portability of C Functions
    5.5.2 Particular Function Checks
    5.5.3 Generic Function Checks
  5.6 Header Files
  - 5.6.1 Portability of Headers
    5.6.2 Particular Header Checks
    5.6.3 Generic Header Checks
  5.7 Declarations
  - 5.7.1 Particular Declaration Checks
    5.7.2 Generic Declaration Checks
  5.8 Structures
  - 5.8.1 Particular Structure Checks
    5.8.2 Generic Structure Checks
  5.9 Types
  - 5.9.1 Particular Type Checks
    5.9.2 Generic Type Checks
  5.10 Compilers and Preprocessors
  - 5.10.1 Specific Compiler Characteristics
    5.10.2 Generic Compiler Characteristics
    5.10.3 C Compiler Characteristics
    5.10.4 C++ Compiler Characteristics
    5.10.5 Fortran 77 Compiler Characteristics
  5.11 System Services
  5.12 UNIX Variants
6. Writing Tests
- 6.1 Language Choice
  6.2 Writing Test Programs
  - 6.2.1 Guidelines for Test Programs
    6.2.2 Test Functions
    6.2.3 Generating Sources
  6.3 Running the Preprocessor
  6.4 Running the Compiler
  6.5 Running the Linker
  6.6 Checking Run Time Behavior
  6.7 Systemology
  6.8 Multiple Cases
7. Results of Tests
- 7.1 Defining C Preprocessor Symbols
  7.2 Setting Output Variables
  7.3 Caching Results
  - 7.3.1 Cache Variable Names
    7.3.2 Cache Files
    7.3.3 Cache Checkpointing
  7.4 Printing Messages
8. Programming in M4
- 8.1 M4 Quotation
  - 8.1.1 Active Characters
    8.1.2 One Macro Call
    8.1.3 Quotation and Nested Macros
    8.1.4 changequote is Evil
    8.1.5 Quadrigraphs
    8.1.6 Quotation Rule Of Thumb
  8.2 Using autom4te
  - 8.2.1 Invoking autom4te
    8.2.2 Customizing autom4te
  8.3 Programming in M4sugar
  - 8.3.1 Redefined M4 Macros
    8.3.2 Evaluation Macros
    8.3.3 Forbidden Patterns
  8.4 Programming in M4sh
9. Writing Autoconf Macros
- 9.1 Macro Definitions
  9.2 Macro Names
  9.3 Reporting Messages
  9.4 Dependencies Between Macros
  - 9.4.1 Prerequisite Macros
    9.4.2 Suggested Ordering
  9.5 Obsoleting Macros
  9.6 Coding Style
10. Portable Shell Programming
- 10.1 Shellology
  10.2 Here-Documents
  10.3 File Descriptors
  10.4 File System Conventions
  10.5 Shell Substitutions
  10.6 Assignments
  10.7 Special Shell Variables
  10.8 Limitations of Shell Builtins
  10.9 Limitations of Usual Tools
  10.10 Limitations of Make
11. Manual Configuration
- 11.1 Specifying the System Type
  11.2 Getting the Canonical System Type
  11.3 Using the System Type
12. Site Configuration
- 12.1 Working With External Software
  12.2 Choosing Package Options
  12.3 Making Your Help Strings Look Pretty
  12.4 Configuring Site Details
  12.5 Transforming Program Names When Installing
  - 12.5.1 Transformation Options
    12.5.2 Transformation Examples
    12.5.3 Transformation Rules
  12.6 Setting Site Defaults
13. Running configure Scripts
- 13.1 Basic Installation
  13.2 Compilers and Options
  13.3 Compiling For Multiple Architectures
  13.4 Installation Names
  13.5 Optional Features
  13.6 Specifying the System Type
  13.7 Sharing Defaults
  13.8 Defining Variables
  13.9 configure Invocation
14. Recreating a Configuration
15. Obsolete Constructs
- 15.1 Obsolete `config.status' Invocation
  15.2 `acconfig.h'
  15.3 Using autoupdate to Modernize `configure.ac'
  15.4 Obsolete Macros
  15.5 Upgrading From Version 1
  - 15.5.1 Changed File Names
    15.5.2 Changed Makefiles
    15.5.3 Changed Macros
    15.5.4 Changed Results
    15.5.5 Changed Macro Writing
  15.6 Upgrading From Version 2.13
  - 15.6.1 Changed Quotation
    15.6.2 New Macros
    15.6.3 Hosts and Cross-Compilation
    15.6.4 AC_LIBOBJ vs. LIBOBJS
    15.6.5 AC_FOO_IFELSE vs. AC_TRY_FOO
16. Generating Test Suites with Autotest
- 16.1 Using an Autotest Test Suite
  - 16.1.1 testsuite Scripts
    16.1.2 Autotest Logs
  16.2 Writing `testsuite.at'
  16.3 Running testsuite Scripts
  16.4 Making testsuite Scripts
17. Frequent Autoconf Questions, with answers
- 17.1 Distributing configure Scripts
  17.2 Why Require GNU M4?
  17.3 How Can I Bootstrap?
  17.4 Why Not Imake?
  17.5 How Do I #define Installation Directories?
  17.6 What is `autom4te.cache'?
18. History of Autoconf
- 18.1 Genesis
  18.2 Exodus
  18.3 Leviticus
  18.4 Numbers
  18.5 Deuteronomy
A. Copying This Manual
- A.1 GNU Free Documentation License
  - A.1.1 ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
B. Indices
- B.1 Environment Variable Index
  B.2 Output Variable Index
  B.3 Preprocessor Symbol Index
  B.4 Autoconf Macro Index
  B.5 M4 Macro Index
  B.6 Autotest Macro Index
  B.7 Program and Function Index
  B.8 Concept Index

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Copyright � 2003 by The Free Software Foundation	Updated Jun 2003

第3篇 automake automake

[Top]

[Contents]

[Index]

[ ? ]

1. Introduction
2. General ideas
- 2.1 General Operation
  2.2 Strictness
  2.3 The Uniform Naming Scheme
  2.4 How derived variables are named
  2.5 Variables reserved for the user
  2.6 Programs automake might require
3. Some example packages
- 3.1 A simple example, start to finish
  3.2 A classic program
  3.3 Building true and false
4. Creating a `Makefile.in'
5. Scanning `configure.in'
- 5.1 Configuration requirements
  5.2 Other things Automake recognizes
  5.3 Auto-generating aclocal.m4
  5.4 aclocal options
  5.5 Macro search path
  - 5.5.1 Modifying the macro search path: --acdir
    5.5.2 Modifying the macro search path: -I dir
    5.5.3 Modifying the macro search path: `dirlist'
  5.6 Autoconf macros supplied with Automake
  - 5.6.1 Public macros
    5.6.2 Private macros
  5.7 Writing your own aclocal macros
6. The top-level `Makefile.am'
- 6.1 Recursing subdirectories
  6.2 Conditional subdirectories
  - 6.2.1 Conditional subdirectories with AM_CONDITIONAL
    6.2.2 Conditional subdirectories with AC_SUBST
    6.2.3 How DIST_SUBDIRS is used
7. An Alternative Approach to Subdirectories
8. Rebuilding Makefiles
9. Building Programs and Libraries
- 9.1 Building a program
  - 9.1.1 Defining program sources
    9.1.2 Linking the program
    9.1.3 Conditional compilation of sources
    - 9.1.3.1 Conditional compilation using _LDADD substitutions
      9.1.3.2 Conditional compilation using Automake conditionals
    9.1.4 Conditional compilation of programs
  9.2 Building a library
  9.3 Building a Shared Library
  9.4 Program and Library Variables
  9.5 Special handling for LIBOBJS and ALLOCA
  9.6 Variables used when building a program
  9.7 Yacc and Lex support
  9.8 C++ Support
  9.9 Assembly Support
  9.10 Fortran 77 Support
  - 9.10.1 Preprocessing Fortran 77
    9.10.2 Compiling Fortran 77 Files
    9.10.3 Mixing Fortran 77 With C and C++
    - 9.10.3.1 How the Linker is Chosen
    9.10.4 Fortran 77 and Autoconf
  9.11 Java Support
  9.12 Support for Other Languages
  9.13 Automatic de-ANSI-fication
  9.14 Automatic dependency tracking
  9.15 Support for executable extensions
10. Other Derived Objects
- 10.1 Executable Scripts
  10.2 Header files
  10.3 Architecture-independent data files
  10.4 Built sources
  - 10.4.1 Built sources example
    First try
    Using BUILT_SOURCES
    Recording dependencies manually
    Build `bindir.h' from `configure'
    Build `bindir.c', not `bindir.h'.
    Which is best?
11. Other GNU Tools
- 11.1 Emacs Lisp
  11.2 Gettext
  11.3 Libtool
  11.4 Java
  11.5 Python
12. Building documentation
- 12.1 Texinfo
  12.2 Man pages
13. What Gets Installed
- 13.1 Basics of installation
  13.2 The two parts of install
  13.3 Extending installation
  13.4 Staged installs
  13.5 Rules for the user
14. What Gets Cleaned
15. What Goes in a Distribution
- 15.1 Basics of distribution
  15.2 Fine-grained distribution control
  15.3 The dist hook
  15.4 Checking the distribution
  15.5 The types of distributions
16. Support for test suites
- 16.1 Simple Tests
  16.2 DejaGNU Tests
  16.3 Install Tests
17. Changing Automake's Behavior
18. Miscellaneous Rules
- 18.1 Interfacing to etags
  18.2 Handling new file extensions
  18.3 Support for Multilibs
19. Include
20. Conditionals
21. The effect of --gnu and --gnits
22. The effect of --cygnus
23. When Automake Isn't Enough
24. Distributing `Makefile.in's
25. Automake API versioning
Macro and Variable Index
General Index

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Copyright � 2003 by The Free Software Foundation	Updated Jun 2003

第4篇 弄懂autoscan, autoconf, automake, Makefile.am

弄懂autoscan, autoconf, automake, Makefile.am

发表于 2011 年 08 月 22 日由 admin

之前一直把所有的h文件和c文件都放在同一个目录下，用的是通用Makefile，现在觉得需要现代化一点，于是进行了一些改造，分多个目录，多级目录，因此，学习一下autoscan，aclocal，autoconf，automake这些工具的使用。

本文不是讲解这些工具用法的，只是列出网上较好的文章。如果这些链接失效了，请通知我。

通用Makefile：http://bbs.chinaunix.net/viewthread.php?tid=909275&extra=&page=6

autoscan，autoconf，automake讲解，首先是这两篇文章，写的比较详细：

http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/linux/l-makefile/

http://bbs.chinaunix.net/viewthread.php?tid=727270

然后，一个典型的实例，可以参考：

http://basiccoder.com/automake-introduction.html

最后，关于核心的Makefile.am，多级目录下Makefile.am的写法，可以参考这两篇文章：

http://bigwhite.blogbus.com/logs/80924710.html

http://jianlee.ylinux.org/Computer/C%E5%92%8CGNU%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/makefile-am.html

读懂这些，应该就足够了。总结一下，基本步骤如下：
1、autoscan ./
2、修改生成的configure.scan文件，增加AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE ，AC_CONFIG_FILES([Makefile])
3、aclocal
4、核心步骤：根据情况，编写Makefile.am
5、autoheader
6、touch NEWS README AUTHORS ChangeLog
7、automake -a
8、autoconf

注：运行autoscan时，会出现以下提示：

[shell]
autom4te: configure.ac: no such file or directory
autoscan: /usr/bin/autom4te failed with exit status: 1
[/shell]

这个提示不影响下面的步骤，因为configure.scan文件已经生成了。